1. Crime Scene Investigation Aim CSI1a – What do police do at a possible corpus delicti?

2. Parts of a REAL Crime Scene Investigation Part I – Preliminaries  The initial actions taken when a scene is determined to be an actual crime  The steps taken when police officers actually have a corpus delicti  The proper handling of evidence is primary to the resolution of any case  Second only to the safety and well-being of victims of the crime

3. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation Part I – Preliminaries  Initial actions:  Render assistance – is anyone in need of medical help?  Search the scene for the perpetrator(s)  Determine what area makes up the crime scene  Set up crime scene tape  Immediately process any weapons  Secondary actions  Obtain personal evidence  CANVAS the crime scene for witnesses

4. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation Part II – Documentation - a written or visual record of the crime scene. A. Photography  Visual record of crime scene  Cameras as well as video tape records of scene B. Crime Scene Sketches  Positions evidence at the scene  Allows investigators to get a “bird’s eye view” of the scene

5. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation C. Written Notes/ Documentation  Allow investigators to keep track of crime details  Includes:  all witness statements  Notes of investigators  Any reports detailing the crime –ME reports –psych reports –evidence analysis reports

6. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation  Copius notes must be taken of the scene and its evidence  May be referred back to in court, especially when months or years have passed between the crime and the associated court case  Questions that may arise later:  Who found or processed the evidence?  When was it found?  Where was the evidence at the scene?  Who said what at the scene and after?

7. PPPSCRIPT  An acronym for looking at a crime scene  Each letter represents a part of the investigation at the start P – PulseR – Record P – ProtectI – Identify P – PhotographP – Package S – SketchT - Transport C – Collect

8. “Pulse”  Victims are an important source of information  They can say who did it  Or describe the suspect  A live witness’s personal evidence is always better than a dead victim’s physical evidence 9 times out of 10  Render first aid if necessary  Even if this means losing evidence!

9. “Protect”  Check the crime scene for the perpetrators  Secure weapons  So no one accidently injures self  To protect if perpetrator is still in vicinity  Tape the area off from all unauthorized personnel  Witnesses  Reporters  Spectators  Non-essential personnel (ex: the mayor)

10. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation Aim CSI 2b - What does PPPSCRIPT stand for?

11. Photographic Evidence  Photograph everything  A visual record of the scene  Multiple photos at varying angles of:  Evidence  Victims’ bodies  Entryways / exitways  Panoramic or overlapping photos of entire scene

12. Photographic Evidence  Example of key photographic evidence  Ted Bundy’s bite marks on dead woman’s buttocks.  How did police know this bite occurred after death?  How did they identify it with Bundy?

13. “Sketch” Crime Scene  Mark positions of all evidence  Should correlate to the photos taken  Gives a sense of position for later trial case…  Example  “12 Angry Men”  The position and movement of the old man in his apartment  Could he have really made it to the door in time?

14. Polar (rectangular) Coordinate Sketch  All evidence measured from fixed points that are at right angles to each other  Walls of a room  Fences or streets outside  Distance measured to nearest inch

15. Triangulation Sketch  Two fixed reference points used  Distance of crime scene evidence from reference points  For irregular scenes with no right angles  Outdoor area like woods or fields  Also – used in accident scenes Bank

16. Cross Projection Sketch  3D view necessary to show all evidence  “open shoe box” view  In case of St. Valentine’s Day Massacre  bullet holes would have been shown all over the walls  bodies shown on the floor

17. “Collect” Evidence Collection of evidence will help to determine…  Corpus delecti (the body of evidence)  was there actually a crime?  Modus operandi (MO)  what was the method used to commit the crime?  Can we determine the perpetrator’s identity at this point?  Elimination prints – take prints of all those who may have had access to area; includes:  Family  Friends  Delivery people  P.O.s investigating the scene

18. Search Patterns  Ways of searching the crime scene  Spiral  Lots of evidence  Tight area  Few officers

19. Search Patterns  Ways of searching the crime scene  Grid Search  Few officers  Large area to cover  Each square of the grid is searched individually

20. Search Patterns  Ways of searching the crime scene  Line search  Large number of officers  Large area to cover

21. Search Patterns  Ways of searching the crime scene  Point to Point search  Often allows officers to find the perpetrator  Example: a Hauppauge Cat Burglar finally caught by police

22. “Record” Information  Note locations where evidence is found (sketches), who found it, and when.  Note all witness statements.  Which type of sketch is this?

23. Parts of a Crime Scene Investigation – Taking the evidence – “IPT” of PPPSCRIPT

24. “Identification” of Evidence  Type of evidence being processed  Where is it going to go? (i.e. Serology lab, Fingerprint lab)  Which type of analysis will be done?

25. “Package” the Evidence Each type of evidence is handled in a specific way:  Blood and serums:  Stained materials paper bagged - allowed to air dry  Blood and serum samples can be simple taken and stored or;  some samples are preserved with chemicals for later analysis  Prints or objects to be printed:  are boxed and stored for transport in special containers  Everything else bagged  All evidence labeled  Date  Time  Collecting officer’s name

26. “Transport” the evidence  Proper carrying of materials to be processed  Follow the “chain of custody”  The whereabouts of evidence must be known from beginning to end  From the moment evidence found to the time the DA passes it into evidence in court

27. Chain of Custody  The location of evidence must be maintained at all times  From crime scene to court  Three groups may handle the evidence prior to court  The prosecution – they and their experts (crime lab)  The defense – they and their experts (forensic consultants, e.g. Henry Lee and the Simpson Case)  The evidence storage or lockup

28. Reconstruction  The determination of what happened or may have happened at the scene based on  evidence;  observations of the crime scene;  and witness statements.  The reconstruction may involve  Scaled diagrams or sketches;  Models of the scene;  Or whole reconstructions of the scene  Reconstruction is a hypothesis that attempts to explain the circumstances of the crime  Police and prosecutors test this hypothesis with all of the above  Both facts and assumptions may be in evidence

29. Case Study – Jeffrey McDonald and Charles Manson

30. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald  Jeffrey Robert MacDonald was born in New York, grew up in Patchogue, LI  Attended Patchogue High School  voted "most popular" and "most likely to succeed“  won a scholarship to Princeton University.  In the fall of 1963, married his high school sweetheart  Colette was pregnant with their daughter Kimberley

31. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald  After Princeton  attended medical school in Chicago  second child, Kristen, was born in May 1967  after med school, joined the Army as a Group Surgeon in the Green Berets in 1969  entire family moved to Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

32.  Location: Fort Bragg, NC  Time: 3:42 a.m.  Date: February 17, 1970,  Two phone calls made to Military Police at Fort Bragg  First call could not be understood  Second call - MacDonald reported a "stabbing“  Officers arrived to find Colette, Kimberley, and Kristen all dead in their respective bedrooms.

33.  Colette, pregnant with her third child  Found lying on bedroom floor  Bludgeoned repeatedly (both her arms were broken)  Stabbed 37 times  McDonald’s torn pajama top lay across her chest  On headboard: "pig" written in blood

34. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – the Murders  Kimberley, age five, was found in her bed  Also bludgeoned and stabbed with a knife between eight and ten times  Her younger sister Kristen, age two, was also found in her bed  Stabbed with a knife 33 times and stabbed with an ice pick 15 times

35.  MacDonald was found next to his wife, alive but wounded  His wounds were much less severe than his family's injuries  Suffered cuts and bruises on his face and chest  Also had a "clean, small, sharp" incision  This caused one lung to partially collapse  Treated in the hospital and released after one week

36. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – His Story  MacDonald had fallen asleep on couch the night before  He was awakened by the screams of Colette and Kimberley  As he rose from the living room couch to go to their aid  He was attacked by three male intruders  A fourth female intruder chanted "Acid is groovy, kill the pigs."

37. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – His Story  The three males attacked him with a club and ice pick.  During the struggle, MacDonald claimed that he then used his pajama top to ward off thrusts from the ice pick.  Eventually, MacDonald said he was knocked unconscious by his assailants

38.  Evidence found and later used in court  Blood trail found in hall way from MacDonald master bedroom to Kimberly’s bedroom  Ice pick found  Blue pj fibers all over bedroom  “PIG” written in blood  Holes in pj top McDonald used to defend himself  Evidence lost  Blood and hairs fingernails  A barefoot print left in blood on the wood floor of the master bedroom

39. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – Innocent, than Guilty  Evidence and story initially pointed to the hippie killer theory  McDonald went back to surgery after military discharge  Starts to party and run around with women  Appears on Dick Cavett Show, laughing and joking  No sign of grief  Collette’s parents ask case to be reopened

40. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – Innocent, than Guilty  Civil case – McDonald’s personal evidence vs physical evidence  Fought for his life – little damage to living room  Stated he did not own an icepick – in fact did  PJ top stab - damage not consistent with what should have happened  Blood trail - not consistent with his story

41. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – Innocent, than Guilty  Reconstruction of fateful night  MacDonald’s wife wanted divorce  Knew he was cheating on her  In a fit of rage, killed her  Daughter Kimberly walked in – still in rage, killed her  Realization sets in – cover up time  Kills daughter Kristen, Manson family style  Stabs pj top to make it appear he defended self  Stabs self to make it appear he was attacked

42. Case Study Jeffrey McDonald – Innocent, than Guilty  MacDonald found guilty of  2 nd degree murder in wife and older daughter’s deaths  1 st degree murder in younger daughter’s death  Serving life in jail  Has remarried (2002)  Will not be eligible for parole again until 2020 (he will be 77 years old)