1. 1 INTERLINK WORKSHOP INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH COLLABORATION AND NETWORKING: BENEFITS & CHALLENGES Sospeter Muhongo s.muhongo@icsu-africa.org www.icsu-africa.org NRF, PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA Tuesday, 07 July 2009

2. 2 INTERLINK WORKSHOP The necessary requirements for any research activity : Human Resource Financial Resources Research Facilities: e.g., analytical equipment & literature

3. 3 INTERLINK WORKSHOP COLLABORATION AND NETWORKING: Requirements: Subject of common research interest: objectives of the research project science for the benefit of society Availability of experts on the subject of common interest Existing knowledge and research techniques to be shared New data and new information (i.e., new publications) New techniques and new skills (i.e., new publications) Growth and Progress of the scientific discipline

4. 4 Benefits & Challenges: Accelerated Economic Growth SUSTAINABLE NATIONAL, REGIONAL & GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPERITY Science, Technology & Innovation IN SERVICE OF GLOBAL SOCIETY

5. 5 LIVELIHOOD IN AFRICA: Facts & Figures 35 of the WORLD's 50 least developed countries are on the AFRICAN continent About 70% of the African population LIVES on less than US$ 2 a day Population WITHOUT access to ELECTRICITY: Sub-Saharan Africa: ca. 75% China: ca. 1.5% About 40% of the African population has no access to safe and clean drinking WATER About 50% of the African population lives in poor SANITATION conditions

6. 6 Benefits & Challenges: Generation of Global Knowledge 1USA27.83% 2Japan6.76% 3China6.33% 4Germany6.23% 5United Kingdom5.84% 6France4.52% 7Italy3.47% 8Canada3.36% 9Spain2.60% 10Korea, South2.28% 11India2.26% 12Russia2.17% 13Australia2.14% 14Netherlands1.86% 15Brazil1.53% 20Turkey1.23% World shares of ISI- listed S&E papers of the top 15 countries in the World Average 2003-2007, Source: TWAS, May 2008

7. 7 Benefits & Challenges: Knowledge Generation & Innovation in Africa African countries contributing 0.02% of world share of ISI-listed S&E papers Average 2003-2007, Source: TWAS, May 2008

8. 8 COUNTRYUS PATENTS PERCENTAGE OF WORLD TOTAL South Africa 980.0606 Egypt 6.60.0041 Kenya 4.80.0030 Morocco 1.40.0009 Zimbabwe 1.00.0006 Nigeria 1.00.0006 Tunisia 0.80.0005 Seychelles 0.40.0003 Africa – Benefits & Challenges: PATENTS USA PATENT 0FFICE USA PATENT 0FFICE (Average 2003-07)

9. 9 Africa - Benefits & Challenges: Generation of Knowledge NIGERIA: 97 public universities 38 private universities SADC REGION: Public Universities (68) 1.South Africa: 23 2.Zimbabwe: 9 3.Tanzania: 8 4.Madagascar: 6 5.DR Congo: 5 6.Mozambique: 4 7.Zambia: 3 8.Malawi: 2, Mauritius: 2, Botswana: 2 9.Angola 1, Lesotho: 1, Namibia: 1, Swaziland: 1 AFRICA: 2008 - accounted for 1.4% articles published in learned journals

10. 10 Africa - Benefits & Challenges: Generation of Knowledge & Innovation NIGERIA: 97 public universities 38 private universities GDP (2008 IMF Data) = ca. US$ 215 billion SADC REGION: Public Universities (68): ca. US$ 470 1.South Africa: 23 ca. US$ 280 billion 2.Zimbabwe: 9 3.Tanzania: 8 ca. 20 4.Madagascar: ca. 9.5 5.DR Congo: 5 ca. 12 6.Mozambique: 4 ca. 10 7.Zambia: 3 ca. 15 8.Malawi: 2,(4 billion) Mauritius: 2, (9 billion) Botswana: 2 (14 billion) 9.Angola 1, (80 billion) Lesotho: 1, (1.5 billion) Namibia: 1 (8.5 billion) Swaziland: 1 (3 billion) AFRICA: 2008 -accounted for 1.4% articles published in learned journals