1. Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 5:
From Royalty to Independence,
Part 1
Study Presentation
Mr. Smith’s Classes

2. Georgia and the American Experience
Section 1: The Colonial Period
Section 2: Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony

3. Section 1: The Colonial Period
Essential Question:
What were the similarities and differences between the three colonial regions in terms of political, economic, and socio-religious development?

4. Section 1: The Colonial Period
What words do I need to know?
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
apprentice
puritans

5. Comparing the Colonies
New England Colonies
Middle Colonies
Southern Colonies
Land and Climate
cold; rugged terrain with rocky soil
milder climate; rich soils
mildest climate; rich soils
Farming
small family farms
larger farms; wheat
large plantations; tobacco, rice, silk, indigo
Other Industry
shipbuilding, whaling, fishing, and furniture building
manufacturing, mining, textiles, shipbuilding
casks and barrels from longleaf pine forests

6. Colonial Transportation and Communication
Boats used for shipping and transportation
Stagecoaches were available, but slow mode of transportation
Ships traveled to ports along the coast
Many old Indian trails were used
Newspapers read in cities; news often old when it arrived in rural areas

9. The Royal Navy made ocean travel safe for English ships.

10. Education in the Colonies
Schooling took place in home or church; boys were taught practical skills
Girls learned homemaking skills
Apprentices learned specific skills from master craftsmen (artisans)
First public schools began in New England; only boys attended
Wealthy families in South hired private tutors or had their sons schooled in Europe
Primitive “Old Field Schools” opened for boys from “common” families

11. Religion in Colonial Georgia
Anglican Church, or Church of England, made official church of Georgia colony in 1758
Church attendance expected; shorter sermons and music common
Moravians and Jews also practiced religion in Georgia
Catholics were not welcome in GA

12. Leisure Activities in Southern Colonies
Fox hunting, horse races, week-long parties with friends and relatives popular
Food central to large social gatherings
Children’s games: jump rope, hoops, tennis, London bridge, hopscotch, leap frog, yo-yos and puzzles
Storytelling

16. Romance and Marriage Girls often married in their early teens
Courtships took place at dances, church, or during supervised home visits
Weddings were a day-long affair with great celebrations
Some wealthy families arranged marriages for business gain
Husbands were expected to provide; wives could not own property

19. Section 2: Georgia Becomes A Royal Colony
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
What political forces shaped Georgia after it became a royal colony?

20. Section 2: Georgia Becomes a Royal Colony
What words do I need to know?
proprietary colony
royal colony
parish
French and Indian War
palisades
cracker
independence

21. Change in Colonial Government Status
Proprietary Colony: governed by a Board of Trustees
Georgia ceased to be Proprietary Colony in 1752
Royal Colony: colony directly governed by the King
Georgia became a Royal Colony in 1752; some people returned to Georgia who had left the colony while it was proprietary

22. The First Royal Government
Naval Captain John Reynolds, first royal governor, arrived in 1754
Reynolds introduced the idea of self-government
Bicameral legislature set up: Commons House of Assembly (Lower House) and Governor’s Council (Upper House)
Court of Conscience settled disputes; overseen by justice of the peace
Only people owning 50 or more acres of land could vote

23. North America, 1754 Spain claimed Florida and Mexico
France claimed land from Louisiana to the Great Lakes, and parts of Canada; New Orleans (south) and Detroit (north) anchored French settlements
Great Britain had established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast

24. Maine
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Rhode Island Connecticut
New York
New Jersey Pennsylvania
Delaware
Maryland
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia

25. French and Indian War Origins
France and Great Britain wanted the treasures of the American continent
Both countries feared the other would gain the most power
France had the stronger army with more experienced leadership; British had better navy
Both sides were allied with certain Indian tribes

26. In the French and Indian War, France had the stronger army and Britain had the stronger navy.

27. The French and Indian War
Both sides claimed the Ohio River Valley area (more than 200,000 square miles)
The French built several forts in the area; many Indians sided with the French
The Virginia governor sent Captain George Washington with soldiers to Fort Necessity (near today’s Pittsburgh); a battle erupted
The war soon spread to Europe; by 1758, the British controlled the Ohio Valley
The Treaty of Paris (1763) ended the war; France gave up Canada to Great Britain
Sometimes considered the first “world war”

28. Georgia and the War’s Aftermath
Treaty of Paris set Georgia’s western boundary at the Mississippi River
Proclamation of 1763 (King George III): Georgia’s southern boundary set at St. Mary’s River; Georgia colonists could not settle west of the Appalachian Mountains
Cherokee and Creek tribes gave up land claims north of Augusta and in the coastal region

29. Georgia’s First Assembly
First met in Savannah in 1755
Passed bills to repair and build roads
Organized a militia
Codes created to limit rights of slaves
Governor Reynolds was replaced in 1757 by Captain Henry Ellis

30. Governor Henry Ellis
Believed Savannah was one the world’s hottest places
Colonists immigrated to Georgia from South Carolina and the West Indies
Offered large land grants and slavery increased (3,600 slaves by 1759)
The economy flourished; more farms and goods to buy
In 1761, Ellis became royal governor of Nova Scotia, in Canada

31. Governor James Wright Wanted to expand Georgia’s western
lands to settlers
Completed Savannah’s defenses by strengthening forts and building palisades (fences made of sharpened stakes)
Sunbury became Georgia’s official port of entry
Land purchases increased greatly
More schools established, but for upper class children

32. Georgia Crackers
People from Virginia and the Carolinas settled into middle and western parts of the colony
Plantation owners viewed them as “undesirable people”
Soon, these lower class peoples were called “crackers,” which was meant as an insult
Crackers were not welcome and thought of as ones who did not obey the colony’s laws
“Poor white trash”

33. ‘Crackers’ was a derogatory term for poor whites.