1. Functional Organization of the Endocrine System
Transport and Metabolism
Introduction
Homeostasis
Receptors
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FINAL ROUND

2. Introduction: $100 Question
The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this:
a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced
b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream
c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ
d. electrical signals
ANSWER
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3. Introduction: $100 Answer
The endocrine system communicates with target cells by way of this:
a. chemical messengers that do not leave the cell where they are produced
b. chemical messengers secreted into the bloodstream
c. chemical messengers secreted through ducts into other organ
d. electrical signals
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4. Introduction: $200 Question
Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals 2. all-or-none response 3. usually slower response 4. effects usually more generally distributed List the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system.
a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4
ANSWER
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5. Introduction: $200 Answer
Given these characteristics: 1. amplitude-modulated signals 2. all-or-none response 3. usually slower response 4. effects usually more generally distributed List the characteristics that apply to the endocrine system when compared to the nervous system.
a. 2,3 c. 1,3,4
b. 1,2,4 d. 1,2 3,4
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6. Introduction: $300 Question
Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this:
a. autocrine chemical signals
b. pheromones
c. paracrine chemical signals
d. hormones
e. neurotransmitters
ANSWER
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7. Introduction: $300 Answer
Chemical signals that are secreted into the environment and modify the behavior and physiology of other individuals are called this:
a. autocrine chemical signals
b. pheromones
c. paracrine chemical signals
d. hormones
e. neurotransmitters
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8. Introduction: $400 Question
Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this:
a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons
b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally
c. produced by neurons and act like hormones
d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons
ANSWER
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9. Introduction: $400 Answer
Neurohormones are intercellular chemical signals that do this:
a. produced by groups of cells and affect neurons
b. released by cells and affect other cell types locally
c. produced by neurons and act like hormones
d. released by neurons and stimulate or inhibit other neurons
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10. Introduction: $500 Question
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this:
a. proteins
b. glycoproteins
c. polypeptides
d. amino acid derivatives
e. steroids
ANSWER
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11. Introduction: $500 Answer
Estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, and glucocorticoids are all examples of this:
a. proteins
b. glycoproteins
c. polypeptides
d. amino acid derivatives
e. steroids
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12. Homeostasis: $100 Question
This statement about hormones is true except:
a. are secreted at a constant rate
b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body
c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms
d. help maintain homeostasis
ANSWER
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13. This statement about hormones is true except:
Homeostasis: $100 Answer
This statement about hormones is true except:
a. are secreted at a constant rate
b. function to regulate the rates of many activities in the body
c. secretion rate is controlled by negative feedback mechanisms
d. help maintain homeostasis
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14. Homeostasis: $200 Question
This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue:
a. other hormones
b. negative-feedback mechanisms
c. nonhormone substance in the blood
d. the nervous system
e. all of the above
ANSWER
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15. This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue:
Homeostasis: $200 Answer
This regulates the secretion of a hormone from an endocrine tissue:
a. other hormones
b. negative-feedback mechanisms
c. nonhormone substance in the blood
d. the nervous system
e. all of the above
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16. Homeostasis: $300 Question
Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of
a. acute hormone regulation
b. chronic hormone regulation
c. cyclic hormone regulation
ANSWER
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17. a. acute hormone regulation b. chronic hormone regulation
Homeostasis: $300 Answer
Stimulation of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system during exercise results in secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood; when exercise ends, the amount of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the blood decreases rapidly. This is an example of
a. acute hormone regulation
b. chronic hormone regulation
c. cyclic hormone regulation
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18. Homeostasis: $400 Question
When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this:
a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood
b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland
d. a hypothalamic releasing factor
ANSWER
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19. a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood
Homeostasis: $400 Answer
When blood glucose levels increase, hormone "A" is secreted. Based on this information, hormone A is controlled by this:
a. changes in the level of a chemical in the blood
b. direct stimulation by the nervous system
c. stimulation by a hormone released from another endocrine gland
d. a hypothalamic releasing factor
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20. Homeostasis: $500 Question
Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this:
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. neural control
d. amplification
ANSWER
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21. Homeostasis: $500 Answer
Hormone "A" stimulates the release of hormone "B." As levels of hormone "B" increase, the secretion of hormone "A" is inhibited. This control mechanism is this:
a. negative feedback
b. positive feedback
c. neural control
d. amplification
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22. Transport and Metabolism: $100 Question
Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion.
True/False
ANSWER
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23. Transport and Metabolism: $100 Answer
Hormones bind to binding proteins in a reversible fashion.
True/False
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24. Transport and Metabolism: $200 Question
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this:
a. pass through capillary cells
b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium
c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport
d. remain in the blood
ANSWER
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25. Transport and Metabolism: $200 Answer
Water-soluble hormones, such as proteins, must do this:
a. pass through capillary cells
b. pass through pores in the capillary endothelium
c. be moved out of the capillary by active transport
d. remain in the blood
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26. Transport and Metabolism: $300 Question
These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except:
a. have relatively long half-lives
b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly
d. regulate activities that have a long duration
ANSWER
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27. Transport and Metabolism: $300 Answer
These statements about these lipid-soluble hormones are true except:
a. have relatively long half-lives
b. are degraded rapidly by enzymes
c. have half-lives that increase and decrease slowly
d. regulate activities that have a long duration
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28. Transport and Metabolism: $400 Question
This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver:
a. active transport
b. conjugation
c. excretion
d. metabolism
ANSWER
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29. Transport and Metabolism: $400 Answer
This process makes hormones less active or increases elimination by attaching water-soluble molecules such as sulfate or glucuronic acid groups to them in the liver:
a. active transport
b. conjugation
c. excretion
d. metabolism
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30. Transport and Metabolism: $500 Question
A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect:
a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly
b. increases blood levels of this hormone
c. concentration remains high for a longer time
d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
e. a, b and c
ANSWER
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31. Transport and Metabolism: $500 Answer
A hormone is secreted in large amounts, modified by the liver, and excreted by the kidney rapidly, thus making its half-life very short. A patient that has liver and kidney disease would see this effect:
a. the hormone is not modified and excreted rapidly
b. increases blood levels of this hormone
c. concentration remains high for a longer time
d. decreases blood levels of this hormone
e. a, b and c
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32. Receptors: $100 Question
Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
True/False
ANSWER
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33. Receptors: $100 Answer
Thyroid hormones, testosterone, estrogen, aldosterone, and cortisol are small lipid-soluble hormones that bind to membrane-bound receptors.
True/False
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34. Intracellular hormone receptors are found here:
Receptors: $200 Question
Intracellular hormone receptors are found here:
a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells
b. in the nucleus
c. in the mitochondria
d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
e. both a and b
ANSWER
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35. Intracellular hormone receptors are found here:
Receptors: $200 Answer
Intracellular hormone receptors are found here:
a. floating freely in the cytoplasm of target cells
b. in the nucleus
c. in the mitochondria
d. in the endoplasmic reticulum
e. both a and b
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36. Receptors: $300 Question
Given these events: 1. cAMP is synthesized. 2. The a subunit of G protein is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor.
a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1
ANSWER
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37. Receptors: $300 Answer
Given these events: 1. cAMP is synthesized. 2. The a subunit of G protein is activated. 3. Phosphodiesterase breaks down cAMP.
Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur after a chemical signal binds to a receptor.
a. 1,2,3 c. 2,1,3
b. 1,3,2 d. 2,3,1
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38. b. G proteins are activated
Receptors: $400 Question
These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except:
a. DNA produces mRNA
b. G proteins are activated
c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close
d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule
e. the cell's response is fast
ANSWER
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39. b. G proteins are activated
Receptors: $400 Answer
These statements describe chemical signals binding to membrane-bound receptors except:
a. DNA produces mRNA
b. G proteins are activated
c. the receptor-hormone complex causes ion channels to open or close
d. the chemical signal is usually a large, water-soluble molecule
e. the cell's response is fast
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40. a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm
Receptors: $500 Question
Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this:
a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm
b. cAMP is broken down quickly
c. mRNA is synthesized
d. synthesis of new proteins
e. c and d
ANSWER
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41. a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm
Receptors: $500 Answer
Intracellular receptors are better adapted for mediating responses that last a relatively long time due to this:
a. cAMP activates existing enzymes in the cytoplasm
b. cAMP is broken down quickly
c. mRNA is synthesized
d. synthesis of new proteins
e. c and d
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42. a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells
Grab Bag: $100 Question
If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs:
a. more free hormone occurs
b. less hormone binds to target cells
c. blood levels of the hormone increase
d. all of these
ANSWER
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43. a. more free hormone occurs b. less hormone binds to target cells
Grab Bag: $100 Answer
If there is a decrease in the specific plasma protein to which a hormone binds, this occurs:
a. more free hormone occurs
b. less hormone binds to target cells
c. blood levels of the hormone increase
d. all of these
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44. Down-regulation occurs because of this:
Grab Bag: $200 Question
Down-regulation occurs because of this:
a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis
b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly
c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis
d. all of these
ANSWER
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45. Down-regulation occurs because of this:
Grab Bag: $200 Answer
Down-regulation occurs because of this:
a. both hormone and receptor are taken into the cell by phagocytosis
b. receptor molecules are degraded more quickly
c. there is a decrease in the rate of receptor synthesis
d. all of these
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46. This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH
Grab Bag: $300 Question
This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule:
a. cAMP
b. cGMP
c. ADH
d. DAG
e. IP3
ANSWER
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47. This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule: a. cAMP b. cGMP c. ADH
Grab Bag: $300 Answer
This is NOT an intracellular mediator molecule:
a. cAMP
b. cGMP
c. ADH
d. DAG
e. IP3
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48. a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback
Grab Bag: $400 Question
A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would:
a. increase by positive feedback
b. decrease by negative feedback
c. decrease by positive feedback
c. stay the same
ANSWER
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49. a. increase by positive feedback b. decrease by negative feedback
Grab Bag: $400 Answer
A hormone controls the concentration of some substance in the circulatory system. A tumor begins to produce that substance in large amounts in an uncontrolled fashion. The secretion rate for the hormone would:
a. increase by positive feedback
b. decrease by negative feedback
c. decrease by positive feedback
c. stay the same
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50. Grab Bag: $500 Question
Given these events: 1. activation of cAMP 2. activation of genes 3. enzyme activity altered
These events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor:
a c. 2,3
b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3
ANSWER
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51. Grab Bag: $500 Answer
Given these events: 1. activation of cAMP 2. activation of genes 3. enzyme activity altered
These events can occur when a hormone binds to an intracellular hormone receptor:
a c. 2,3
b. 1,2 d. 1,2,3
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52. b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low
FINAL ROUND Question
This might be a consequence of trying to use a skin patch to administer a constant level of insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus:
a. too little insulin available after a meal when sugar levels are high
b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low
c. would control blood sugar levels well
d. a and b
ANSWER
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53. b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low
FINAL ROUND Answer
This might be a consequence of trying to use a skin patch to administer a constant level of insulin to a patient who has diabetes mellitus:
a. too little insulin available after a meal when sugar levels are high
b. too much insulin available between meals when sugar levels are low
c. would control blood sugar levels well
d. a and b
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