1. DC 9 - 1 DATACOMM John Abbott College JPC Network Management M. E. Kabay, PhD, CISSP Director of Education, ICSA President, JINBU Corp Copyright © 1998 JINBU Corp. All rights reserved

2. DC 9 - 2 Network Management l Overview l Service Levels l Approaches to Net Management l Diagnostic Methods l Datacomm Test Equipment

3. DC 9 - 3 Network Mgmt Overview l Network monitoring – quickly identify problems l Network control – configuration & addressing – making devices available or unavailable l Network troubleshooting – fix problem quickly – diagnose causes of problems and prevent repetition l Network statistical reporting – optimize use of resources

4. DC 9 - 4 Service Levels l What defines acceptable performance? – industry standards – contracts with users l Elements of service level agreements (SLAs): – Availability – Reliability – Response Time – Throughput

5. DC 9 - 5 Service Levels Availability l Uptime vs downtime l Mean time between failures (MTBF) l Mean time to repair (MTTR) uptime MTBF Availability = = up + down MTBF + MTTR

6. DC 9 - 6 Service Levels Reliability l Defined as rate of data errors l Bit error rate test (BERT) – send known bit pattern – count errors – normal modem BERT = 10 -6 l Block error rate test (BLERT) – number of blocks requiring retransmission – BLERT = 1 - (1-BERT) b where b is the number of bits in the block

7. DC 9 - 7 Service Levels Response Time l How long it takes to receive a response after sending a message – data transmission from workstation to host – host processing – data transmission from host to workstation – completion of presentation l Response time can be defined with different combinations of these factors

8. DC 9 - 8 Service Levels Throughput l Net bandwidth l Number of useful (data) bits transferred per unit of time l Usually significantly lower than total bandwidth because of overhead (control information, protocols, negotiation, handshakes) l Transfer rate of information bits (TRIB) generally used definition of throughput l Transaction processing systems measure transactions per second

9. DC 9 - 9 Network Management Robert Lund (1991). The perils of flying blind. INTERACT 11(7):20. Without managing system resources... l You will not be alerted when it is time to tune the system for better performance l You will miss opportunities to extend the life of your system l You will not see early warning signs that point to a hardware upgrade requirement l You will not know where you have been, where you are, or where you are going l You will not be able to maintain a cool head in a performance crisis.

10. DC 9 - 10 Approaches to Net Mgmt l Non-Automated Net Management l Semi-Automated Net Management l Integrated Network Management

11. DC 9 - 11 Approaches to Net Mgmt Non-Automated Net Management l Users call network control to report problems l Little or no investment in tools l High on-going costs l Portable test equipment l Complex networks difficult to service

12. DC 9 - 12 Approaches to Net Mgmt Semi-Automated Net Management l Automatic network monitoring equipment & software l Trigger alarms when error rates climb above critical levels l Technicians must still diagnose problems l Takes advantage of newer equipment l Dont have to upgrade entire older network

13. DC 9 - 13 Approaches to Net Mgmt Integrated Network Management l Network management protocols – Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) for TCP/IP networks – ISO Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) l Reporting functions in all components l Continuous automated monitoring l Remote manipulation of all components l Extensive graphics l Expert systems

14. DC 9 - 14 Diagnostic Methods l Loopback testing (echo testing) – special connectors feed output signal to input – especially useful for testing terminals l Time Domain Reflectometry – feed pulses into circuit – measure characteristics of reflection – especially important for optical fibre networks

15. DC 9 - 15 Datacomm Test Equipment l Especially important for non-automated and semi-automated network management l Key tools of datacomm problem-solving: – Breakout Box – Datascope & Protocol Analyzers – Analog (phone line) test equipment

16. DC 9 - 16 Datacomm Test Equipment Breakout Box l Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) show which wires are hot l Often include wires for patching one line to another 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

17. DC 9 - 17 Datacomm Test Equipment Datascope (Protocol Analyzers, Sniffers) l Place in datacomm circuit l All functions of breakout box l Display screen shows data and control signals l Data capture in buffers l Phone or page staff on errors l BERT and BLERT l Filters screen data or packets l Sniffers a serious threat to LAN, WAN & Internet security

18. DC 9 - 18 Homework l Read Chapter 9 of your textbook in detail, adding to your workbook notes as appropriate. l Review and be prepared to define or expand all the terms listed at the end of Chapter 9 of your textbook l Answer exercises 9-1 through 9-11 on page 202 of the textbook using a computer word- processing program or absolutely legible handwriting (hand in after quiz tomorrow morning).