2. 1846 Dred Scott v. Sanford
Scott, a slave, argued that since he and his wife had once lived in free states, they should be free
The Supreme Court declared that slaves were not citizens and could not sue in court (NOT citizens)
The Supreme Court also ruled that slaves were property and Congress could not deprive a man of his property without due process
Infuriated Northerners * Most Supreme Court Judges were Southerners

3. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
“A House divided against itself, cannot stand”.

5. Douglas
Each new state should decide the slavery question for itself. (Popular Sovereignty)

6. Lincoln
“The framers of the Constitution intended slavery to end.” END SLAVERY
The problem is that slavery is WRONG!

7. Stephen Douglas and the Freeport Doctrine
Popular Sovereignty?

8. 1. Democrats need Northerner who doesn't alienate Southerners
2. Know-Nothings on the decline
3. Republican Party is a political
force in the North

9. Douglas (Democrat) Lincoln (Republican)
Slavery becomes the MAIN issue of the Debate National Newspapers Carry the Story
Freeport Doctrine
Freeport Illinois Debate
Lincoln makes Douglas “put foot in mouth”
Democrats SPLIT over the Doctrine
Northern Democrats
Southern Democrats

11. Senate Winner Stephen Douglas was re-elected to the Senate.
But….now everyone knew who Abraham Lincoln was!!!
Douglas Wins!

12. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, 1859

14. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Mural in the Kansas Capitol building by John Steuart Curry

15. John Brown (Kansas Red-Leg) Oct
John Brown (Kansas Red-Leg) Oct. 16, attacks Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia
Country becomes more divided
Trial for TREASON (National News)
Dec. 2, 1859 for HANGING
North – seen as a HERO
South – seen as example of FANATIC
“the sins of this country will only be washed away with rivers of blood…”

16. 1860 Presidential Election
√ Abraham Lincoln Republican
John Bell Constitutional Union
1860 Presidential Election
Stephen A. Douglas Northern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat

17. Republican Party Platform in 1860
NO-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].
Protective tariff [for the Northern Industrialists].
No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].
Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.
Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers – in West].

18. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

19. 1860
Election
Results

20. Continue: CAUSES Leading to War NOTES adding to Thursday Notes

21. 1860 Presidential Election 4 candidates S
1860 Presidential Election 4 candidates S. Democrats (v-p Breckinridge) N. Democrats (Douglas -popular sov.) Constitutional Union Party (old Whig, & American Parties) Republican (Abraham Lincoln)
Lincoln - 40% popular / 59% electoral
6 weeks - SC secedes from Union 6 others
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas (DEEP SOUTH)
Feb “Confederacy Formed”

22. Nation Divides for WAR

24. Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

25. The Confederate States of America (Articles of Confederation)
Jefferson Davis
*President*
South Carolina
Mississippi
Florida
Louisiana
Alabama
Georgia
Texas

26. Confederacy Created Fort Sumter (P.G.T. Beauregard)
Jefferson Davis (MS) Montgomery, AL - Capital
Confederate soldiers occupy U.S Government offices & U.S. Forts in the South
What Happens Now? Lincoln ‘new’ Pres
Fort Sumter (P.G.T. Beauregard)

27. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

28. Fort Sumter Give In FIGHT Ignore
Some advised Lincoln to “Let the states go”
Others said, “Give in on the slavery question.”
Still others said, “Use the ARMY to end their revolt!”
Give In
FIGHT
Ignore

29. Lincoln’s Choices
He wanted to prevent war.
“We are not enemies, but friends.”
THE VERY NEXT DAY
An important message came from Major Robert Anderson commander at Fort Sumter:

30. Urgent! Message from Commander Anderson
Supplies at the Fort are almost gone. If new supplies are not sent soon, we will be forced to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.

31. What should President DO?
If I send supplies… Southerners might attack.
If I send troops… Southerners WILL attack.
If I do nothing…the commander WILL have to surrender.

32. Decision Lincoln decided to send supply ships
And see what the Southerners would do

33. Confederate President Davis
Davis decided to take over the fort BEFORE the supply ships arrived.
Demanded them to surrender.
Commander Says – NEVER SURRENDER!
The Confederate troops FIRED on the fort, Major Anderson and his men eventually ran out of ammunition and had to give up.

34. The Civil War has Begun! 11 States Strong
Lincoln called for Americans to join the army to stop the rebellion.
Other frightened southern states not in the Confederacy now joined with other 7 states.
Arkansas - Tennessee - North Carolina and Virginia (move capital to RICHMOND)
11 States Strong
NOT ALL Slaves will join The Confederacy

36. Nation Divides for WAR

37. FREE STATES
Border Slave States
Secede after
Ft. Sumter
Secede after Election
of 1860

39. Map Part of Unit Test MO, KY, MD, DE AR, TN, NC, VA SC TX MS AL GA
LA FL
TX, LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC

40. Events Leading to WAR Fort Sumter Attack *CIVIL WAR BEGINS*
1819 Missouri Compromise
Westward Expansion
1846 Wilmot Proviso
Compromise of 1850
Fugitive Slave Act
Personal Liberty Laws
Underground Railroad
1852 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act
1856 Bleeding Kansas
1856 Caning of Sumner
1857 Dred Scott v. Sanford
1858 Lincoln – Douglas
1859 Attack at Harper’s Ferry
Election of 1860
1861 Confederacy Formed
Fort Sumter Attack *CIVIL WAR BEGINS*