1. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 1 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [SG-NAN: WNAN Technical Discussion] Date Submitted: [9/11/2015] Source: [Name] [Company] [E-Mail] [Will San Filippo] [Silver Spring Networks] [wills @ silverspringnet.com] [Jana van Greunen] [Silver Spring Networks] [jvangrue @ silverspringnet.com] [George Flammer] [Silver Spring Networks] [gflammer @ silverspringnet.com] [Sterling Hughes] [Silver Spring Networks] [sterling @ silverspringnet.com] [Ben Rolfe] [Blind Creek Associates] [ben @ blindcreek.com] Re: Neighborhood Area Network Study Group Abstract:Presents a brief overview of application requirements identified in prior IG/SG presentations and discusses architectural concepts focused on the application requirements. Purpose:Stimulate discussion in the Study Group. Notice:This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release:The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

2. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 2 SG-NAN Technical Discussion Slides

3. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 3 Contents Application Requirements Overview –Very Large Scale Process Control –Examples: Utility networks, industrial, others Architectural Concept –Based on proven systems –Narrow Band-PHY –Channel Hopping Slotted Random Access MAC

4. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 4 WNAN Definition A WNAN is –A scalable network –Constructed of simple, low cost, modest devices Key objectives of the WNAN –Extreme scalability (to tens of millions of nodes) –High availability (uptime) –Highly reliable data delivery (error detection) –Ease of commissioning (highly autonomous)

5. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 5 WNAN “Neighborhood” Example

6. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 6 Application Requirements Key differentiators –Ubiquity (100% coverage) –System longevity (decades) –Non-mobile (infrastructure overlay) –Cost sensitive (CapEx and OpEx) –Reliable, robust, flexible

7. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 7 Cost Factors Total cost –Long life - OpEx / CapEx –Deployment / Acquisition –No on-site (truck roll) maintenance –Devices transparent to customers –Space/power constraints not as critical But power may become more so Standards yield good economics

8. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 8 Very Large Scale Process Control Scale == millions of nodes per network –Ad hoc, multi hop, self-organizing, self-healing –Optimized for robustness, ubiquity over data rate –Flexible, resilient topology Geographically Diverse –Non-mobile (but we don’t get to pick fixed location) –Environment not static Tolerant of long, bounded latency

9. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 9 Document NumberSource 15-08-0245-00-wng0George Cosio, Philip Slack (Florida Power & Light) 15-08-0272-01-wng0Rolfe/Flammer (Blind Creek/Silver Spring Networks) 15-08-0297-00-0000Chris Knudsen (Pacific Gas & Electric) 15-08-0454-00-0000 Tommy Childress, (Cellnet+Hunt) 15-08-0455-00-0000Chris Knudsen (Pacific Gas & Electric) 15-08-0456-00-0000Gerald J. FitzPatrick (NIST) 15-08-0514-00-0nan George Flammer (Silver Spring Networks) 15-08-0517-01-0nan James. Pace (Silver Spring Networks) Some References https://mentor.ieee.org/802.15/documents

10. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 10 WNAN Architectural Concept Wireless Neighborhood Area Networks –Built from interconnected short-range links –Interconnected over large service territories Based on proven systems –PHY – Narrow band – longer range, robust –MAC - Channel hopping, slotted, random access

11. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 11 WNAN Definition A WNAN is –Scalable network –Simple, low cost, modest throughput devices –Optimized for Extreme scalability High availability (robustness) Highly reliable data delivery Ease of commissioning.

12. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 12 Some characteristics WNAN Data rate commensurate with long range (~100 kbps) Very high reliability and availability Peer to Peer with minimal infrastructure (self-forming) Large scale mesh networking support Support for route diversity Fully acknowledged data transfer (error detection) Support for IP datagrams

13. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 13 WNAN Context

14. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 14 NAN Context (2) – In-premise

15. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 15 Architectural Characteristics Topology –Peer-to-Peer –Star/cluster –Good Mesh platform

16. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 16 Layers

17. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 17 NB-PHY Characteristics Narrow band channels with many channels per band –Fit FCC part 15.247 criteria for 1W FHSS Optional operation in multiple bands –sub-GHz, 2.4GHz, EU, Japan, India, China, etc. Support for efficient channel hopping Efficient support for IP datagrams –At least 1,500 Octet Ethernet MTU payload Robust, simple modulation/demodulation Data “whitening” (scrambling) Low data rate (~100 Kbps)

18. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 18 NB-PHY Characteristics (2) Bands (examples) –868–868.6 MHz (Europe, China) –902–928 MHz (Americas, China, others…) –2400–2483.5 MHz (worldwide) –950-956 MHz (Japan) –779-787 MHz (China) –865.6-867.6, 840.5-844.5, …

19. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 19 NB-PHY Characteristics (2) Bands (examples) –868–868.6 MHz (Europe, China) –902–928 MHz (Americas, China, others…) –2400–2483.5 MHz (worldwide) –950-956 MHz (Japan) –779-787 MHz (China) –865.6-867.6, 840.5-844.5, … Obvious choices

20. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 20 NB-PHY Characteristics (2) Bands (examples) –868–868.6 MHz (Europe, China) –902–928 MHz (Americas, China, others…) –2400–2483.5 MHz (worldwide) –950-956 MHz (Japan) –779-787 MHz (China) –865.6-867.6, 840.5-844.5, … With narrow bandwidth channels, there are some under-used slices of spectrum that we can now use.

21. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 21 NB-PHY Characteristics (3) Narrow Bandwidth –Robust performance –More power possible –Can make use of under-used spectrum Channel Hopping Support –Independent of band –Constraints on channel switch timing –Support for needed sync mechanisms

22. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 22 NB-PHY Characteristics (4) Robustness over Bits per Second –NB+ hopping + adaptation Adaptive Channel Agility –Simple modulation and coding –PHY layer error detection –Effective whitening

23. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 23 NB-PHY Characteristics (5) Optimize for narrow channels (~250kHz -20dB BW) and the most non-overlapping channels that fit the band Robust modulation/demodulation: –Tolerance of simultaneous channel occupancy –Independent of data patterns and pattern lengths Monotonic Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) Transmit Power Control (TPC) Interoperability specifications (radio): –Receiver sensitivities (min) –Receiver adjacent and alternate channel rejection (min) –Frequency stability (min) –Transmit & power amplifier rise and fall times (max) –Channel to channel slew times (per band) (max)

24. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 24 MAC Goals Optimized for: –Channel hopping w/narrow band PHY Many channels Interference avoidance –High data delivery reliability –Low data rates –Effective support of IP datagrams –Efficient support to upper layers for ad-hoc, multi-hop networking (Mesh).

25. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 25 MAC Characteristics Channel hopping Support for prioritized traffic Support for near-neighbor discovery

26. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 26 Channel Hopping Overview Maximize number of hopping sequences Minimize network overhead 100% channel revisit (regulatory requirement) Support for channel masking (co-existence) Support for lots of channels (robustness)

27. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 27 Synchronization Global synchronization option –Difficult in very large networks –Requires centralized time distribution Local (single hop) synchronization –Requires only peer exchange of synchronization information

28. doc.: IEEE 802.15-08-xxxx-00-0nan Submission: WNAN Technical Discussion 3 Semptember 2008 San Filippo, van Greunen, Flammer, Hughes, RolfeSlide 28 MAC Support for Neighbor Discovery Provides mechanism to acquire information about neighbors Supports handshake to obtain timing info Maintains neighbor synchronization (local)