1. Workplace Violence and Security Planning 2014

2. Presented by: Officer Andrew Risdall, Bloomington Police Department
Police Officer with Bloomington since 2000
Member of the Bomb Squad since 2006
Currently assigned as the Homeland Security Coordinator, developing emergency plans with City Departments, Government Agencies, and the Private Sector.

3. Objectives Define the problem Examine potential solutions
Active Shooter
Violent or criminal actions
Examine potential solutions
Security and lockdown plans
Planning and implementation
Review case studies
Examine Law Enforcement response tactics

4. Active Shooter Incidents
What does an active shooter look like?
Where is an active shooter likely to strike?
How are they armed?
Who is likely to be targeted?
What can we do about it?

5. Washington Naval Yard Shooting
Aaron Alexis
34 Years of age
Civilian Contractor for U.S. Navy

6. Washington Naval Yard Shooting
Alexis purchased a Remington 870 pump-action shotgun and sawed off the stock to make it easier to conceal.
He disassembled the shotgun to bring it into the building, where he reassembled it in a bathroom.

7. Washington Naval Yard Shooting
Alexis enters NAVSEA Building 197 shortly after 8:00 AM on 9/16/2013.
Alexis begins killing on the fourth floor.
Alexis kills an armed security guard and takes his 9mm pistol, which he later uses.
Alexis kills 12 victims before being shot by Police.

8. Active Shooter
One or more suspect(s) who, as police respond to the scene, are actively killing and/or causing serious, life-threatening bodily injury to multiple victims. The overriding objective of the suspect(s) appears to be that of mass murder, rather than other criminal conduct such as robbery or hostage-taking.

9. Active Shooter Mentality
Active shooters are seeking to kill as many people as they can.
Most do not stop until they are killed, either by suicide or by a confrontation with Law Enforcement.

10. Jonesboro, Arkansas March 24th, 1998 Andrew Golden – Age 11
Mitchell Johnson – Age 13
Golden entered Westside Middle School and pulled the fire alarm.
He then joined Johnson outside and began killing students and staff as they evacuated.
5 killed, 10 wounded

11. Columbine High School, Colorado
April 20th, 1999
Eric Harris and Dylan Kliebold use firearms and explosive devices in a coordinated attack against Columbine High School
13 killed, 21 injured

12. Columbine: The Plan
A "suicidal attack [which was] planned as a grand – if badly implemented – terrorist bombing.“ – USA Today
Kliebold and Harris built nearly 100 explosive devices.
Their plan was to set off a large explosive device in the lunchroom, killing as many possible.
Kliebold and Harris had large explosive devices in their vehicles, which they planned to use to kill students evacuating from the building.

13. Columbine Details
Harris maintained a private website in which he described his guns, the explosive devices he made, and a “hit list.”
Other students were made aware of the list and it came to the attention of Law Enforcement. A search warrant was obtained, but never served.
A school resource officer responded from the parking lot and engaged Harris at an entrance from 60 yards away. Neither was injured in the exchange.
Responding officers surrounded the building.

14. Red Lake, MN
March 21st, 2005
Jeffrey Weise arrives at the school at 2:45 pm and begins killing.
Jeffrey Weise kills seven at the school, before being wounded by responding Police at 2:52 PM and committing suicide.

15. Norway, 2011 Large vehicle bomb in Oslo kills 8, wounds over 200.
Shooting attack on island kills 69, wounds 110
Killing continued for over an hour
Police had no effective means of reaching the island

16. What is the “profile?”
Columbine, Virginia Tech, and other school shootings have creating a stereotype of the active shooter and their motivations.

17. There is no “profile”
Nidal Hasan – 2009 – Fort Hood – Kills 13, Injures 32
Amy Bishop – 2010 – University of Alabama – Kills 3, Injures 3
Omar Thornton – 2010 – Manchester CT – Kills 8, Injures 2

18. It can happen here Accent Signage Systems Minneapolis 2012
Engeldinger kills six after being terminated from employment

19. Failure to plan is planning to fail

20. What can we do? Citizens Law Enforcement
Stop an incident before the implementation stage, by reporting suspicious behavior.
Develop an emergency action plan for your school, church or business.
Train everyone on the plan.
Practice with training drills.
Prevent an incident by responding to reports of suspicious behavior.
Develop a plan to respond to an incident.
Train the community.
Practice response plans.

21. Five Stages of an Active Shooter
Fantasy Stage
Planning Stage
Preparation Stage
Approach Stage
Implementation Stage

22. Intervention
Fantasy – the killer(s) may be expressing their fantasies – verbal, online, etc.
Planning – the killer(s) develops a plan – surveillance
Preparation – the killer(s) begin acquiring supplies – weapons, ammunition, explosives
Approach – the killer approaches the target – suspicious vehicle, suspicious person

23. Implementation - Survival Strategies
The goal for citizens and Law Enforcement in an active shooter situation is to mitigate the number of casualties.
Law Enforcement has implemented a Rapid Deployment strategy to minimize the time it takes to end an incident.
Lockdowns have been established as the best solution for most schools and businesses.
Some still advocate evacuation – for everything.

24. Lockdown
A lockdown consists of following a pre-planned series of actions in the event of an act of violence.
A notification is made immediately, by anyone, when deemed necessary.
Staff, students, and visitors seek shelter in rooms that can be secured.
Doors are locked, lights are turned off, view into room is blocked. Occupants get “quiet and small.”

25. Implementation
Determine secure locations, that prevent people from having to travel significant distances to seek shelter.
Make classrooms, offices, and meeting rooms suitable for a lockdown. This means anyone can lock the door, without keys. There should be no, or limited visibility into the room.
Be creative. If major design changes are not feasible, consider blinds, barricades, etc.

26. Lockdown to death?
The point of a security plan is not to find a lockdown area at all costs.
You need to get there quickly and safely for it to be effective.
If you develop a flow chart, it is too complicated

27. Overall Security Plan How is access to your workplace controlled?
Who has access, and how (keys, fobs, security)?
How does the public enter?
Are visitors controlled?
What do we gain by controlling access?
Prevent theft, trespassing, harassment, and other “minor issues”
Deter and delay the active shooter

28. Implementation, cont. Notification Planning PA Phones, pagers, signals
How will you clear?
Planning
When will you lockdown?
Where will you go?
How will you train?

29. What circumstances should trigger a lockdown?
Bloomington Schools
Mall of America
When directed to by BPD
Active shooter
Unknown intruder who circumvents a sign in system
Bomb threat of serious nature
Restraining Order/OFP violations
External issues
When directed to by BPD
Active shooter
Mass casualty terrorism event
Explosion
Dangerous fugitive
Other situations where extraordinary measures need to be taken to ensure safety 29

30. Is it perfect? A lockdown is not a “silver bullet.”
A lockdown will certainly not prevent an incident from happening, and will not save everyone if it does.
A lockdown is a time delay tactic used to allow Law Enforcement to respond and eliminate the threat.

31. Would a lockdown work?
Analysis of Virginia Tech

32. Virginia Tech Timeline
Cho kills two at a dormitory (2).
Cho enters classroom 206, kills professor and 9 students (10).
Cho crosses the hallway to 207, kills professor and 4 students(5).
One student is shot in a hallway (1).
Cho killed 32 victims. Two at the dorm, and 30 at Norris Hall. Those in 206 would not have been saved by a lockdown plan. 207?

33. Virginia Tech
In room 204, the professor held the doors closed while most students escaped through a window. The professor was killed after being shot through the door while forcibly securing it. One student was killed inside room 204 (2).
In Room 211 an instructor and a student are killed while trying to barricade the door. Cho then enters and kills 10 more students (11).

34. Virginia Tech
Room 205 – an instructor saw Cho coming and barricaded the door with a large desk. Cho fired through door but did not injure anyone inside.
A professor took 20 students from a classroom to a nearby office where the door could be locked and secured them inside. They survived. The professor went to “investigate” and was killed by Cho in the hallway (1).

35. VA Tech Summary
The Virginia Tech shooting would have been a tragic loss of life, whether a lockdown plan was in place or not.
If, however, the doors were able to be quickly secured by staff or students, 14 to 20 of those killed may have been saved.
Faculty and students were killed holding doors closed, and trying to barricade them.

36. Run. Hide. Fight

37. Their logic: One size fits all
“Plan” can be rolled out to everyone, without any specific site assessment
Makes sense, doesn’t it?

38. Our Logic:
Evacuation is a good option, if you know you can accomplish it quickly and safety
Evacuation forces you into choke points – stairwells and common doorways.
You may have no idea how many shooters there are, or where they are.
Do you want to go find them so you know where to “run” to?
In VA Tech, the doors were chained shut to prevent people from exiting.
In Columbine, explosive devices were planted in hallways and the parking lot.
In Jonesboro, evacuation was used to bring students out to where they were killed
Children? Infants? Disabilities?

39. What approach is best for you?
What is your threat level?
How is your overall security?
Where can you go, how safe is it, and how quickly can you get there?

40. A Plan: If the point of being prepared is to have a plan, HAVE A PLAN.
Watching a five minute video is not preparing.
Assessing your space and determining the best option is preparing.
Where are the victims in this photo?

41. Fight? As a last resort, you should be prepared to defend yourself.
If you are trapped, you cannot escape and your location is being compromised by an assailant, prepare yourself to attack them when necessary.

42. Law Enforcement Response
Every police car has a patrol rifle, and every officer is trained to use it.
Every available officer responds.
Entry is made immediately, with the focus of eliminating the threat.

43. What you should know
Police officers may be in civilian clothes and will probably be armed with rifles.
Police will consider everyone a suspect until the situation is under control.
Police will not be performing rescue functions until the shooter is killed.

44. Questions? Andy Risdall
Homeland Security Coordinator, Bloomington Police