1. Senior Thesis Presentation Carey L. Steckler April 14, 2005 Highland Elementary School Ambridge Area School District Ambridge, Pennsylvania

2. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Highland Elementary School New 78,880 SF facilityNew 78,880 SF facility Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company)Ambridge, PA (American Bridge Company) Foreman Architects EngineersForeman Architects Engineers $14.7 million project cost$14.7 million project cost Constructed April 2003 - August 2004Constructed April 2003 - August 2004 Minimal change orders & few claimsMinimal change orders & few claims Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

3. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Thesis Studies Two issues facing public school districts: Delivery Methods & DaylightingTwo issues facing public school districts: Delivery Methods & Daylighting Three studies:Three studies: –Construction Management Depth: Project Delivery Methods in Public Schools of PA –Lighting/Electrical Breadth: Facade Redesign & Daylighting –Mechanical Breadth: Impact of Façade Redesign Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

4. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Organizational Chart FOREMAN ARCHITECTS ENGINEERS FOREMAN PROGRAM & CONSTRUCTION MANAGERS ELECTRICAL HVAC GENERAL PLUMBING ROOFING FLOORING ENTRANCES WINDOWS DRYWALL CERAMIC TILE FOOD SERVICE PAINTING DISPLAY BDS FIRE PROTECT CASEWORK LIBRARY CSWK Multiple Prime Contracts Multiple Prime Contracts Construction Management Agency GENERAL ELECTRICAL HVAC PLUMBING Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

5. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000PA Education Empowerment Act, passed in 2000 32 waivers granted for PA public school construction projects (with project costs greater than $3 million)32 waivers granted for PA public school construction projects (with project costs greater than $3 million) = 16% of all waivers granted= 16% of all waivers granted Waivers specifically for single prime deliveryWaivers specifically for single prime delivery Not 32 single prime school projects in PANot 32 single prime school projects in PA Separation of Contracts Multiple prime requirement – 5 U.S. statesMultiple prime requirement – 5 U.S. states Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

6. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Project Delivery Methods in Public Schools of PA GoalGoal –Is single prime most effective delivery method for PA public school projects? –Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement? MethodologyMethodology –Research single prime projects and the mandate waiver program. –Survey personnel at school districts with experience in single prime projects. Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

7. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Why a Survey? “The waiver will allow the school to…operate in a more effective, efficient or economical manner.”“The waiver will allow the school to…operate in a more effective, efficient or economical manner.” Waiver applications—support single prime position with opinions of industry players.Waiver applications—support single prime position with opinions of industry players. Claim benefit to school district in 5 areas: Schedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and LitigationClaim benefit to school district in 5 areas: Schedule, Quality, Budget, Safety, and Litigation Surveyed personnel at school districts with waiversSurveyed personnel at school districts with waivers Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

8. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 School District Survey Results Area Believed Project from Single Contract Believed Project Benefited from Single Contract Believed Project from Single Contract Believed Project Did Not Benefit from Single Contract If Project Benefited from Single Contract Unsure If Project Benefited from Single Contract Budget511 Schedule313 Quality601 Safety610 Litigation601 How did a single prime contract impact these five areas? Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

9. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 School District Survey Results Benefit in 4 of 5 areasBenefit in 4 of 5 areas Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule  Benefit to budget?Logic suspect: Unsure benefit to project schedule  Benefit to budget? Response from 33% of school districtsResponse from 33% of school districts –2003-2004 Study at Univ. of Pittsburgh Single prime = less frequent litigationSingle prime = less frequent litigation Multiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/dayMultiple prime w/ CM agent = most SF/day Different delivery methods suitable for different owners is desirableDifferent delivery methods suitable for different owners is desirable Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

10. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Conclusions Is single prime most effective delivery method for PA public school projects?Is single prime most effective delivery method for PA public school projects? –Cannot confirm that it is “most effective” +Benefits have been seen in some cases Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement?Is the mandate waiver system useful in PA for the separation of contracts requirement? +Allows delivery method most suitable to owner –Little guidance given to school districts, should come from an organization representing their interests Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

11. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Front Façade & Entrance Goal: Create alternative classroom wing façade design to increase daylight levels, reducing energy demand.Goal: Create alternative classroom wing façade design to increase daylight levels, reducing energy demand. Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

12. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 CAD Model of As-Built Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

13. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 CAD Model of Alternative 1 st & 2 nd Floor window area increased by 88% 3 rd Floor window area increased by 142% Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

14. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Daylight Study Daylight Study for as-built and alternative designDaylight Study for as-built and alternative design AGI32 parametersAGI32 parameters –10AM & 2PM on 15 th of April, August, December –Overcast, party cloudy, clear conditions –Reflectances of materials as installed –Electric lighting in different on/off configurations –Pendant mounted lighting fixtures as installed, direct/indirect, (3) 32W fluorescent lamps Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

15. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Results – South Room 3. 5 26.6 32 1 756 Windows As Built Alternative Design 15 Aug, 2:00PM, clear sky, no electric lighting Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

16. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Annual Energy Savings in Typical South-Facing Classroom Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

17. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Analysis Summary Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

18. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 American Bridge Company Works Ohio River Architectural Interest Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

19. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Effects on Mechanical System Unit Ventilator System in Classroom WingUnit Ventilator System in Classroom Wing 3 Steps to sizing a UV:3 Steps to sizing a UV: OAOA Loads (HAP)Loads (HAP) CirculationCirculation Critical—cooling load in south classroomsCritical—cooling load in south classrooms UV selection based on cfm delivered to spaceUV selection based on cfm delivered to space Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

20. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Effects on Mechanical System UV model specified throughout classrooms meet requirements of alternative designUV model specified throughout classrooms meet requirements of alternative design OA requirement unchangedOA requirement unchanged Cooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 BTU/hrCooling coils capable of new load of 25,838 BTU/hr 350-450 cfm per ton of cooling load350-450 cfm per ton of cooling load Effects on mechanical system do not prevent success of proposed façade redesign.Effects on mechanical system do not prevent success of proposed façade redesign. Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

21. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Final Thoughts Dispelled personal misconceptionsDispelled personal misconceptions Met goals & made conclusionsMet goals & made conclusions –Utilization of single & multiple prime delivery should continue for PA public school projects –Mandate waiver program is useful, but more guidance should be available to school districts –Façade redesign is not a good recommendation, mainly because of impact to architecture Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

22. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Acknowledgements Dr. David Riley We think of the effective teachers we have had over the years with a sense of recognition, but those who have touched our humanity we remember with a deep sense of gratitude. (Anon.) Foreman Program & Construction Managers School District personnel across Pennsylvania PA Dept. of Education personnel, esp. Ms. Mary Dixon Linda Lewis, Brad Cordek, Andy Kauffman, et al. Highland E.S. Thesis Studies Construction Management Depth Lighting/Electrical Breadth Mechanical Breadth Final Thoughts

23. Senior Thesis Presentation Carey L. Steckler April 14, 2005 Highland Elementary School Ambridge Area School District Ambridge, Pennsylvania

24. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 Opportunity Missed? Mt. Lebanon School District, PittsburghMt. Lebanon School District, Pittsburgh Waiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on seven schools in districtWaiver approved 11/21/02 for renovation work on seven schools in district With single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of construction costsWith single prime, estimated savings to be 5% of construction costs $40 million  $1.5 to $2.5 million savings$40 million  $1.5 to $2.5 million savings Litigation against other school districts utilizing waiversLitigation against other school districts utilizing waivers Chose not to use multiple prime waiverChose not to use multiple prime waiver

25. Carey L. Steckler Highland Elementary School April 14, 2005 First Floor Plan Highland Elementary School