1. A New Nation Expansion and Change -Create Court system- Judiciary act of 1789- federal courts, district courts, appeals -George Washington- Organize Executive branch- Department of State, Dept of War, Dept of Treasury- cabinet-advisors of pres. - Hamilton (strong gov, federalist) vs. Jefferson (weak gov, democrat-Republicans)- loose vs. strict interpretation of Constitution- 1st political parties - Whiskey Rebellion- challenge power of govt, govt held strong - Pres avoids foreign conflict- Britain, France- French insult us XYZ affair, treat us as 2nd rank govt.

2. 2nd pres- John Adams People continue to Move west, fight natives 1800 - Jeffersonian Era (3rd pres)- –Republicanism- smaller govt. 1803Marbury vs. Madison- Judicial Review- determine if laws are unconstitutional 1803Louisiana Purchase- - Louisiana given to France 1800 by Spain, Napoleon sells to us to make British mad, pay for his war, 15 million $ 1804- Lewis and Clark- explore 1806new territory, St. Louis- Pacific Coast

3. War of 1812- –Reason- Impressment- take US ships, men- force into Royal Navy- British supplying Natives with weapons, want to prove themselves, want Canada –Battles- Canada, Lake Erie, New Orleans, Washington DC- no winner decide not to fight –Outcomes- no more federalist, growth in Industry, confirms US as Independent nation Foreign Policy- 1810-1820’s- US foreign policy- establish northern border, reduce tensions with Canada (Britain) in Great Lakes, share Oregon, gains Florida from Spanish. Monroe (pres) Doctrine- 1823- European powers not interfere in Americas, US won’t interfere in Europe

4. Industrialization- growth of water, steam powered machines, factories (early 1800s) –New England- depends of Shipping and trade –Northwest farmers- sell crops to cities, buy manufactured goods Agriculture- South –Invention of Cotton Gin, 1793- sort out seeds, makes cotton profitable –More slaves needed to grow more cotton- Slavery spreads west in the South- North begins to outlaw slavery American System- unite economies-country self sufficient- goods to south and west- food and raw materials to north (after War of 1812) –Protective tariff- make US products cheaper than Europe’s –National bank- common currency –Improve transportation- roads, canals

5. Tensions in North and South Missouri Compromise 1820- conflict over admitting new states- slave vs. free- balance in Senate- agree to add one slave and one free- line drawn- below slave, above free Protective tariffs hurt South cotton exports- Nullification crisis- try to nullify tax (state declare law null in void, no good) threaten to leave union- states can’t nullify a law- agree to reduce tax Government changes Adams vs. Jackson- Jacksonian Democracy- common person source of American strength (1820s) –Split of Democrats and Republicans –Less voting restrictions –Spoils system- pres. appointees serve 4 years, replaced by new pres National Bank ended- reduce govt interference in economy, hurts economy, bank panic/closure

6. Manifest Destiny Native American Removal- 1830- Indian Removal Act- $ to negotiate treaties- Cherokee won in Supreme Court but ruling was ignored- Indians pushed west Expansion fever- 1840’s Economics- search for land- economic problems in east Native Troubles- agree to give natives plains in exchange for not attacking settlers moving through- whites move into plains anyway Santa Fe trial- Missouri-New Mexico and back- traders exchange goods Oregon trail- first by Missionaries, followed by settlers, took months, many hardships Mormon migration- to avoid persecution move to Utah

7. Texas Independence 1820’s-30sfew Mexican settlers, trade more w/ US, cheap land bought by Americans –1830- problems grow, Mexico tries to stop US settlers more come, high taxes on trade- Austin imprisoned when visiting Mexico –1836- Santa Anna- troops to Texas, fight at the Alamo, US settlers defeated –1836- Texans defeat Santa Anna, declare independence, - Sam Houston elected president –1845- Texas joins US- slave vs. free states tension continues

8. War with Mexico- 1846 –Texas- Mexico border dispute- US tries to buy territory $25 million, Mexico ignores US, troops sent to Rio Grande Border Americans killed, Congress declares war even though many against it –New Mexico willing to join US- no shots fired –California- rebels declare Independence, join US, Mexican forces retreat –US marches into Mexico and Mexico city, total defeat 1848Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- border established at Rio Grande, lost New Mexico, Arizona, California- US paid Mexico 15 million-10 million more 5 years later to move border south 1849California Gold Rush- Gold at Sutter’s mill, Sacramento, Ca- people rush to mine gold from US, Asia, Europe, SA- California population, economy booms

9. Expansion

10. Reform 1800-1830s2nd Great Awakening- religious revivals- many join churches –some challenge church –African American churches also grew Abolitionists grow –1835- American Anti-slavery Society –Frederick Douglas- educated, escaped slave, abolition without violence –Turner’s Rebellion- slaves fight back

11. Women’s movement- –Participate in abolition movement, temperance –Open institutions of higher learning –Elizabeth Cady Stanton- –1848- Seneca Falls women’s convention- beginning of women’s fight for suffrage (right to vote) –Sojourner Truth- (African- America