1. Study Guide for Unit 2 The History of Europe

2. 1. Why did the Portuguese want to find a route around Africa to Asia??

3. To get spices from India

4. 2. What is the significance of Prince Henry the Navigator?

5. He helped Portugal take an early lead in exploration by providing money towards exploration

6. 3. Explain 3 reasons why explorers wanted to go to new lands.

7. God (to spread their religion) Gold (wealth) Glory (fame)

8. 4. What happened at the Berlin Conference in 1884?

9. European leaders met to discuss the division of Africa into colonies for the European countries.

10. 5. How did nationalism play a part in Europe’s competition to colonize Africa and Asia?

11. Having colonies made countries feel more important and successful than other countries.

12. 6. Who colonized Australia? Why?

13. Great Britain: a prisoner’s colony

14. 7. During the Time of colonization, which country had the most colonies?

15. Great Britain

16. 8. What country had colonies all over North and South America?

17. Spain

18. 9. What were the four causes of WWI?

19. Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism

20. 10. What caused the Russian Revolution?

21. Food shortages and a poor economy

22. 11. Why did Russia stop fighting in WWI?

23. They had started fighting their own civil war, called the Russian Revolution

24. 12. Who is Vladimir Lenin?

25. He started communism in what was later called the Soviet Union.

26. 13. Who was Karl Marx?

27. A German philosopher who wrote about Communism.

28. 14. What was the Treaty of Versailles and what did it say about Germany?

29. A document signed by Germany which formally ended WWI
A document signed by Germany which formally ended WWI. Germany was forced to take full responsibility for the war. Germany had to pay for war damage.

30. 15. The creation of what peace keeping body was a part of Wilson’s 14 points?

31. The League of Nations

32. 16. Explain 2 reasons why WWII took place.

33. Treaty of Versailles > resentment > economic problems > rise of Nazism

34. 17. What is the name given to the ‘murder of millions of Jews and others’ in the early 1940’s?

35. The Holocaust

36. 18. What happened that caused WWII to officially end?

37. The U.S. bombed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

38. 19. Why was the Berlin Wall built?

39. To keep people from East Berlin from escaping into West Berlin

40. 20. Which side of the Wall had graffiti on it and how do you know?

41. The West side, the free side, had graffiti
The West side, the free side, had graffiti. Freedoms allowed for the graffiti to occur on the West. The East side did not have those freedoms.

42. 21. What was the Cold War and who were the two Superpowers?

43. A war without actual fighting
A war without actual fighting. The USSR (one of the superpowers) supported communism and the US (the other superpower) encouraged democracy.

44. 22. Why was the Cold War “cold”?

45. Neither side mobilized their armies in an official war

46. 23. What marked the end of the Cold War?

47. The fall of the Berlin Wall

48. 24. Who was the Soviet leader when communism started to fall?

49. Mikhail Gorbachev

50. 25. Why were several Eastern European Communists governments overthrown in 1989?

51. Many people in Eastern Europe wanted better consumer goods and more freedoms