1. CRCT History Review

2. The History of European Exploration 4 Reasons: (1)overcrowded jails in GB (2)needed a navy in the Southern Hemisphere (3)expand trade (4)stop their rivals Australia *Great Britain colony *Captain James Cook claimed the east coast *1788 made a penal (prison) colony

3. Latin America *Portugal had a colony in Brazil until 1822 *Spanish conquered the Inca and Aztec (Spain claimed land in Mexico and South America)

4. Independence Movements Who led the independent movement? Mexico: Miguel Hidalgo Haiti: Toussaint L’Ouverture Venezuela: Simon Bolivar (George Washington of South America)

5. What were the reasons for the independence movement? Mexico: wanted Mexico to be independent Haiti: French Revolution occurred and Black & Mulattoes were furious because freedom was rejected Venezuela: wanted freedom from Spain

6. From what country was independence gained? Mexico: France and Spain Haiti: France Venezuela: Spain What people were for the independence movement? Mexico: several groups Haiti: Blacks & Mulattoes Venezuela: all people in SA: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru

7. What people were against the independence movement? Mexico: French & Spanish Haiti: French & Plantation Owners Venezuela: Spanish

8. What was the outcome of the independence movement? Mexico: Hidalgo captured & tried for treason Haiti: Toussaint captured, arrested, and sent to France Venezuela: defeated the Spanish in 1824

9. Conflict & Change The Russian Revolution *Czar was the absolute ruler *Then during WW1: in Russia millions died, killed, wounded, missing, they didn’t have enough food. The soldiers didn’t have what they needed: food, clothes, ammunition *Early 1917 riots were happening. Women, factory workers, and farmers wanted change.

10. *Vladimir Lenin took control; Czar was executed. Then to make everything better the Soviet Union signed a treaty with Germany to get help The Treaty of Versailles *Grand palace outside the city of Paris, France *Met here after WWI to write a treaty *The treaty explained: Winner gained and what the losers would lose

11. *Germany: lost land, lost all its colonies, emperor was put on trial for war crimes, had to reduce the size of the army and navy Worldwide Depression *US: Stock Market Crash (This happened after WWI) The US stopped buying goods and services and it hurt other countries’ banks as well. This created the worldwide economic depression.

12. The Rise of Nazism After WWI Germany was in a bad place. Adolf Hitler came on the scene and he said he could fix the problems in Germany. He came to power and the Nazis began to rebuild Germany’s military. By 1938 Germany controlled Austria and Czechoslovakia and in 1939 invaded Poland. Thus France and Great Britain HAD HAD ENOUGH!!! They declared war.

13. Additional Notes The Holocaust *The systematic killing of every Jew *2,000 Jews could be killed at one time (gas chambers) *Forced into labor *6 million Jews were dead at the end