1. Gender Dimensions of Occupational Health and Safety of Street Vendors in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Presented by: Abina Shrestha GDS ID: 109588 16 th May, 2011 1

2.  Introduction  Research Problem  Research Objectives  Research Area and Category  Methodology  Findings and Discussion  Conclusion  Recommendations Outline 2

3. Introduction  Informal sector  Very small-scale units with low and irregular income  Gender stereotype attitude  Often undervalued or invisible, does not fall under any labor law, no legal protection by state  Street vending  visible informal sector work  Survival strategy  4Ps for OHS Visible work 3

4.  Working environment  Men and women  different occupational health hazards  Lack national policy and license system  Ineffective support from responsible stakeholders on OHS Research Problem 4

5.  General objective  Gender dimensions of OHS issues among street vendors  Specific objectives  Vulnerability: working environment, health condition and occupational injuries, diseases and accidents  Coping strategies  Association/trade unions role  Recommendation on effective solution of OHS in gender sensitive way Research Objectives 5

6. Kathmandu Valley Research Area and Category 6 Occupational Group Male Street Vendors Female Street Vendors Food2745 Perishable4558 Durable5273 Total124176

7. 7 Methodology  Explorative, Descriptive and Cross-sectional Primary Data  Questionnaire survey  Key informants interview  In-depth interview  FGD  Observation

8. Findings and Discussion 8

9. Educational Status 9

10. Monthly Income 10 Average monthly income  NRs.11,805 (F) and NRs.11,964 (M)

11. Working Hours Types of occupational group Working hours Total 4-910-15 Food Female21 (46.7)24 (53.3)45 (100) Male16 (59.3)11 (40.7)27 (100) Perishable Female38 (65.5)20 (35.4)58 (100) Male23 (51.1)22 (48.9)45 (100) Durable Female42 (57.5)31 (42.5)73 (100) Male12 (23.1)40 (76.9)52 (100) Total Female101 (57.4)75 (42.6)176 (100) Male51 (41.1)73 (58.9)124 (100)  Average working hour  8.93 F and 10.27 M  Average HH work hour  4.7 (F) 11

12. Physical hazards  Roof  Drinking water  Lighting system  Toilet  Transportation Environmental hazards  Garbage and construction site  Air, noise pollution Mental hazards  Harassment  Work burden Main OHS Issues and Vulnerability 12

13. 13 Types of injuries/diseases/accidents by Gender Status  Cold/cough (91.3% F; 92.7%M)  Body, Legs, Hands, Joint, Backbone Pain (84.3%F; 85.4%M)  Chest Pain (61.9% F; 59.1% M)  Gastritis (51.3% F; 57.3% M)  Headache (64.3% F; 51.9%M)  Swollen hands/leg (35% F)  Distended abdomen (1.8% F)  Jaundice/tuberculosis/typhoid (12.7% M)  Fever  Respiratory problem  Hearing loss  Throat problem  Pain during urination  Skin allergy

14.  34.1% of women and 5.6% of men report of reproductive health problem Reproductive Health Issues 14

15.  Found difference in saying and implementing  more among women  More preference on family health, i.e. husband and children  Out of 300, 68.3% does not seek medical attainment that comprise 37.7% F and 30.6% M Health Seeking Behavior 15

16. Medical treatments, Why Not? 16  Minor injuries (58.4% F and 56.5% M)  Lack of time (19.4% F and 4% M)  Lack of money (7.1% F and 6.5 M) Income Level and Working Hour Medical Treatment IncomeWorking hour LowHigh4-910-15 Yes Female 38 (21.5) 17 (9.6) 39 (22.1) 24 (13.6) Male 22 (17.7) 9 (7.2) 9 (7.3) 23 (18.6) No Female 63 (35.8) 28 (15.9) 61 (34.7) 52 (29.6) Male 62 (50.0) 24 (19.3) 40 (32.2) 52 (41.9)

17. Education Status vs. Medical Treatment Medical treatment Education status Total Illiterate Literat e Primary Seconda ry Higher seconda ry Under graduat e Yes Female 28 (15.9) 17 (9.7) 7 (3.9) 10 (5.6) 1 (0.5) 0 (0) 63 Male 7 (5.7) 7 (5.7) 3 (2.4) 13 (10.5) 8 (6.4) 3 (2.4) 41 No Female 62 (35.3) 21 (11.9) 9 (5.2) 19 (10.8) 2 (1.2) 0 (0) 113 Male 23 (18.6) 26 (20.9) 11 (8.9) 21 (16.9) 1 (0.8) 1 (0.8) 83 17

18. Knowledge on Health Hazards from Occupation 18

19.  Determine by three factors  Infrastructure (age, sex, environment, etc)  Structure (individual socio-economic status)  Super structure (education, culture, belief, fatalism, etc) Coping Strategies: Individual Level 19  Be careful and alert  Take some interval and walk  Use umbrella (F),raincoat (M), mask (M), shawl (F), caps (M)  Consuming meat, taking massage  Antiseptic cream  Medical store, etc

20.  Few organization  NEST, GEFONT  Early stage, difficulties in organizing workers  Membership  12.3% M and 9.7% F  Advocating and lobbying with government for national and legal policy on street vending  Struggling for space management  Concern towards OHS has not become catchy  Issues of being affiliated with political institutions Coping Strategies: Institutional Level 20

21. Conclusion  External Barriers  Low income earning  Educational level  Lack of time  Organization role  Internal Barriers  Socio-cultural factors like socio-cultural norms, gender role in family, patriarchal practices and attitude towards women 21

22. 22 Recommendation  Concerned organization (trade union, NGOs, street vendors association)  launch a health campaign  introduce micro health insurance program with maternity component  creating awareness on OHS through mobilizing student, training, orientation, counseling, etc  encouraged women to unite  partner with international association (Streetnet International, WIEGO, ILO-OHS, WHO and others)  Municipal agencies and city planner  Space management policy by time management  Mobile toilet

23. 23 Acknowledgements AIT – Government of Japan Scholarship Dr. Philippe (Advisor) Street Vendors in Kathmandu Valley GEFONT, NEST

24. Thank You SAFETY IS EVERYONES REPONSIBILITY 24