1. 1 AFTHAP m2 10.03 Luis A. Agudo Fernández AFTHAP CONFERENCE www.afthap.com REINFORCED AND PRESTRESSED CONCRETE PIPE, STEEL CYLINDER TYPE Module 2: Structural design Hydraulic design Protection measures in special cases

2.  Pressure › Steady state, design pressure (DP) › Transient. Maximum design pressure (MDP) › System test pressure (STP) › Factory test pressure (PP)  External loads › Steady, earths › Accidental, traffic › Special, tunnels, footings, and so. AFTHAP m2 10.03 2 Actions

3. AFTHAP m2 10.03 3 Support conditions

4. AFTHAP m2 10.03 4 Example 1, gravity pipeline

5. AFTHAP m2 10.03 5 Example 2, forced main

6. AFTHAP m2 10.03 6 Trench, compacted or non-compacted Negative projection embankment Embankment Types of installation - Marston

7. AFTHAP m2 10.03 7 Live - traffic

8.  Tunnel excavation  Footings loads  Other loads  The software allows to replace the load calculated according to Marston by a surface load calculated by any other method (i.e. in the case of tunnels)  Really local loads, such as footings, are usually solved by filling the trench with concrete in the involved area. AFTHAP m2 10.03 8 Special loads

9. AFTHAP m2 10.03 9  Maximim design pressure (MDP) + dead loads  Design pressure (DP) + dead loads + live loads  Factory test pressure (PP)  System test pressure (STP) + dead loads corresponding to 1 m of earth height  Pressure zero + dead loads + live loads DESIGN HYPOTHESIS reinforced concrete: the allowable stresses will not be exceeded (2/3 Elastic Limit) in the following design hypothesis

10. HypothesisStress in core Design Pressure DP + dead loads≥0.5 Mp Max Design Pressure MDP+0.1 Mp + dead loads≤ f ct,k Design Pressure DP + dead loads + live loads≥0.0 Mp Max Design Pressure MDP≥0.5 Mp Factory Test Pressure PP≥0.5 Mp System Test Pressure + 1 m tierra≥0.5 Mp Dead + Live loads, without pressure≥0.5 Mp AFTHAP m2 10.03 10 During the manufacturing and evolution of the prestressed concrete the allowable values of compressive and tensile strengths in the active reinforcement will not be exceeded Prestressed concrete

11. AFTHAP m2 10.03 11 Diameter  1200, the biggest of the following values: Diameter > 1200, the biggest of the following values: Maximum design pressure (MDP) + 0.2 Mpa PMaximum design pressure (MDP) + 0.1 Mpa 1.2 times the maximum design pressure (MDP) FACTORY TEST PRESSURE (PP) Reinforced concrete steel cylinder type

12. AFTHAP m2 10.03 12  Pressure that produces a stress of – 0.5 MPa on the pipe wall FACTORY TEST PRESSURE (PP) Prestressed concrete steel cylinder type

13. AFTHAP m2 10.03 13 CALCULATED Water Hammer NOT CALCULATED Water hammer the LOWER of the following values Maximim design pressure (MDPc) + 100 kPa 1.5 * Maximum design pressure (MDPa) Maximum design pressure (MDPa) + 500 kPa System test pressure (STP)

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15.  It can be free downloaded from › www.afthap.com www.afthap.com  For any doubts regarding the use of the software, please contact the association through our web site AFTHAP m2 10.03 15 Software for pipes design

16. AFTHAP m2 10.03 16 Hydraulic design

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19. AuthorYear Manning1890 Scimemi1925 Hazen-Williams1905 Meyer-Peter~ 1930 Ludin~ 1920 Scobey1931 Darcy - Weisbach1775 Colebrook1939 AFTHAP m2 10.03 19 Anachronisms of the correlations Short pipes, more joints (2.5 m against current 6-7) Worse quality concretes Tests for small diameters TIME LINE

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23.  Aggressive enviroments  Aggressive fluids to be carried  Low-resistivity soils  Stray currents AFTHAP m2 10.03 23 Extraordinary protection measures

24. AFTHAP m2 10.03 24 The discontinuity of the elastic joint makes currents circulation difficult and benefits the pipe (IET 07 2.4 appendixe 3)