1. 1 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES PROGRAM US Department of Energy Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Initiatives National Petroleum Council, April 13, 2011 Manager, Vehicle Systems Vehicle Technologies Program US Department of Energy Lee.Slezak@ee.doe.gov Lee Slezak

2. 2 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov EV Infrastructure Initiatives Connectivity/Codes and Standards Deployment/Learning Enabling Technologies

3. 3 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Role of Codes & Standards Safety Usability Interoperability Acceptance Enabler of Market Penetration

4. 4 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Charge Method Typical charge rates Nominal Voltage/ Branch Circuit Rating Charge Coupler (aka plug and receptacle) AC Level 1 R ESIDENTIAL 5 mi/hour @ 1.7 kW 120v/20A (15A continuous) AC Level 2 R ESIDENTIAL 10 mi/hour @ 3.4 kW C OMMERCIAL 20 mi/hour @ 7.2 kW 240v/20A (15A continuous) 240v/40A (30A continuous) DC Level 2 (Fast Charging) C OMMERCIAL 165 mi/hour @ 50 kW Standards in process 480v AC, 3Ø (supply to EVSE) Focus on Charge Couplers (US) Residential AC L1, AC L2 Non-residential AC L2, DC L2 SAE J1772 TM Proposed SAE J1772 TM ‘Hybrid’

5. 5 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov DC Fast Charge Couplers Proposed SAE J1772-Hybrid v. JARI/ChADeMO 92 mm v. 62 mm JARI/ChADeMO SAE J1772-Hybrid 2 power; 7 control/communication pins 2 communication pins (typically CAN). 2 pins for EV relay control. 1 Ref. Ground pin for vehicle isolation monitor. 1 proximity or mating detection pin. 1 "ready to charge" pin. Fits standard fuel filler door

6. 6 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov DOE Role 1) Utility/Grid Operator 2)Home Energy Management/Home Area Network (HAN) 3) Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) 4) Plug-In Electric/Hybrid Vehicle (PEV) Support development & Validation

7. 7 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov DOE (VT) Support SAE standards committees participation Development and validation of standards Technology development

8. 8 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov SAE Standards Committees Safety J2344 – Electric, HEV & Plug-in Vehicle Safety J1766 – Crash Integrity Testing J2578 – FCV Safety Connector/inlet & EVSE J1772 TM – PEV Conductive Charge Coupler J2954 – PEV Wireless Charge CommunicationsJ2836 TM – General Information (use cases) …/1 – interface with utilities …/2 – off-board charger communications …/3 – reverse energy flow …/4 – diagnostics …/5 – customer/HAN …/6 – wireless charging/discharging J2847 TM – Detailed Information (messages) (same sub-categories as J2836) J2931 – Protocol (requirements) J2953 – Interoperability

9. 9 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Tools for Standards Verification Q2Q3Q4FY 2012FY 2011-Q1 Initial OperationDemo EVSE-EUMD-HAN Connectivity (SAE J2836/2847) Vehicle-Grid Interoperability (SAE J2953) Utility Messages 900MHz to back haul 2.4GHz Zigbee to HAN (Itron or SilverSpring) Home Gateway HAN-Zigbee/ethernet (Digi, Greenwave) EVSE w/Compact Metrology and Vehicle-EVSE Router Pass through HAN-Zigbee/ethernet Device Under Test (DUT): 1 – PLC/Echelon 2 – Pilot/In Band PSOC 3 – Wireless – SDR_UMAN 4 – Arianne analog/PLC Emulated/Physical Vehicle Connected to J1772 or (BMS, Pseudo Batt, Charger, CAN network/converter to DUT Test Fixtures to Verify Compliance with SAE J2953 – Interoperability Between Key Elements of Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Utility HAN EVSE PEV Initial OperationDemo

10. 10 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Deployment/Learning EV Infrastructure Initiatives

11. 11 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Approximately $400 million in federal funding to Automotive and Charging Industry Educational Institutions Deploys over 13,000 electric-drive vehicles & 22,000 charging stations Collect detailed data Two projects specifically for EVSE ECOtality: The EV Project Coulomb Technologies: ChargePoint America Recovery Act: Transportation Electrification Initiative Largest US EV & Charger Deployment Ever

12. 12 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Transportation Electrification: EVSE Demonstration Activities

13. 13 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov ECOtality DC Fast Charge Station AC input: 3-phase, 208v@200A to 575v@74A DC output: 60 kW max, 200 A, 200-500v JARI/ChADeMO charge coupler Nissan Leaf Charge Port

14. 14 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Transportation Electrification: EVSE/Vehicle Demonstration Activities * * * tbd

15. 15 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Enabling Technologies EV Infrastructure Initiatives

16. 16 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov EUMD with Universal Communication End-Use-Measurement Device (EUMD) Q2Q3Q4FY 2012FY 2011-Q1 Software-Defined Radio REV1: Custom board, off-the-shelf sensors, Xbee radio SDR in one-chip communication solution using flexible baseband chip (PLC, Zigbee/HomePlug SEP, SUN radio, etc.) REV2: Integrated FGM current sensors and PLC communication ■ ■ Lab/field test at ANL, DTE Energy and SCE ■ ■ Field test at ORNL solar EV charge station ■ ■ Field test in Europe/Asia Field Verification of Performance and Communication Standards Flux gate magnetometer sensor proof-of-concept ■ ■ Expand application to smart energy grid

17. 17 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Enabling Technology Wireless Charging Problem – Limited Range due to size, weight, & cost constraints of battery packs Solution – Wireless Charging Eliminates need to plug-in Vehicle always ‘ready to go’ Reduce Battery Size and Vehicle Weight Extend range of EVs Small scale proof of concept hardware Standards under development Smart grid compliant utility feed and modern power electronics ORNL Wireless Power Transfer Charger Vehicle to WPT communications RFID localizer for positioning

18. 18 | Vehicle Technologieseere.energy.gov Summary Codes and Standards Enable Market Acceptance DOE Supports Industry & SDO Efforts DOE Supports Global Harmonization Demonstration Data Guides Future Deployment Enabling Technologies Increase Utilization