1. Computer Sound Synthesis 2
MUS_TECH 335 Selected Topics
Computer Sound Synthesis 2

2. Physical Modeling Synthesis

3. Waveguides Flute vs Clarinet
The flute is a pipe open on both ends and it supports vibration at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency.

4. Physical Model of a Flute:
Waveguides
Physical Model of a Flute:

5. Refined Waveguide Flute
Waveguides
Refined Waveguide Flute

6. Physical Model of the Voice
Waveguides
Physical Model of the Voice
Vocal system is modeled in its many component parts. This creates a large number of physical parameters to specify.

7. Waveguides
Voice
Vocal tract seen as varying cross-section tube driven by glottal pulses. The waveguide concept is extended to a series of sections of short length.

8. Waveguides
Vowel formants are created by adjusting the width of the vocal tract in the physical model. Nasals (m,n) are produced by opening up the acoustical path to the nasal passage.

9. Waveguides
Lip and nasal systems are themselves modeled with waveguides.

10. Waveguides
Complete model is extended to include glotal sound source, fricative and aspiration noise sources, local filtering, etc.

11. Waveguides
SPASM package GUI has a huge number of controls. Controlled changes in the controls have to be synchronized.

12. Waveguides
For all of the systems we have discussed so far, it can be assumed that sound travels at a constant speed within the medium. This assumption breaks down for solid objects like those of wood or metal. In bars the speed of logitudinal waves is frequency dependent. The effect on transverse vibration has a similar effect.

13. Waveguides
In delay-based modeling like Karplus-Strong and waveguides, this can be simulated by putting all-pass filters in series with the delay. These all-pass filters cause there to be a frequency-dependent delay. Rather than use an all-pass comb filter, a large number of first-order all-pass filters are used.
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