1. Overview of National Promotion Plan for the Utilization of Radiation and Radioisotopes in Korea January 23, 2005 Thailand Jong Kyung Kim Vice President, The Korean Nuclear Society Director General, Innovative Technology Center for Radiation Safety (iTRS) Professor, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University, Korea

2. Backgrounds Current Status of RT (Radiation Technology) Utilization Objectives and Directions Main Areas of the Promotion Plan Research and Development Utilization Promotion Education Supporting Systems R&D Fund Projection Conclusions CONTENTS

3. BACKGROUNDS

4. History of RT promotion plan in Korea 1 st RT promotion plan (MOST*/KAERI**, 1997) 2 nd RT promotion plan (MOST*/Hanyang University, 2001) “Act for the Promotion of Radiation and Radioisotope Utilization” effective (December 2002) Related “enforcement ordinance” effective (June 2003) Revision of the 2 nd RT promotion plan (MOST*/Hanyang University, 2004) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions * Ministry of Science and Technology ** Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

5. Act for the Promotion of Radiation Radioisotope Utilization No. 6814 (2002) Ultimate Goal: To promote for enhancing the human life of quality and industrial competitiveness. Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions The utilization of radiation technologies Its related R&D activities

6. Essential Procedure: Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions National promotion plan for the utilization of radiation technology in every 5 years Detailed action plans in every year Government

7. Policy objectives Plan for the effective promotion of RT related R&D and the utilization of research outcomes Plan for education and supply of RT experts Plan for financial support The 5-year promotion plan must include: Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

8. Why? Significant changes in domestic and international environments since the 2 nd promotion plan (2001) Detailed annual plans for 5-year period required by the Act (2002) 50+ experts from 32 organizations Worked for 6 months Revision of the 2 nd promotion plan Committee meeting held at Hanyang university (2004) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

9. 4 committees and public hearing Final report: ”Establishment of Integrated Promotion Plan and Its Action Plans for Utilization, Research and Development of Radiation and Radioisotope” (August 2004) Public hearing held at Hanyang university (2004) Research and development Utilization promotion Education Supporting systems Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

10. Current Status of RT Utilization Foreign Domestic

11. Major applications of RT Foreign Status of RT Utilization Radiation and Radioisotope Medical Environmental Hightech Industry Bio-resource Diagnostic imaging Cancer treatment Nondestructive test Semiconductor processing Pollution purificationFood irradiationSewage purification Plant breeding Sterilization Nano materialRadiation sensor High accurate inspection Functional food Cross-linking Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

12. 53% 75% 25% Nuclear power industry 119b$ (1.4% of GDP) 52b$ (1.2% of GDP) RT utilization Nuclear power industry 47% Foreign Status of RT Utilization RT utilization in USA and Japan "Economic scale of utilization of radiation", Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 39(9) and 39(10), 2002 Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

13. Foreign Status of RT Utilization RT utilization in China(1) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions Change of annual production value from RT * including relevant productions such as ion implantation “New headway in application of isotope and radiation techniques in China”, Proceedings of Congress on Radioisotope and Radiation Utilization in China, Japan and Korea, Beijing, Nov29-Dec1, 2004 1999 4.0b$ 2003 * 4.7b$ 2008 12.4b$ (estimated)

14. 6,000 enterprises and 50,000 workers (RT application) More than 290 units of RI production and R&D (2003) Foreign Status of RT Utilization RT utilization in China(2) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions “New headway in application of isotope and radiation techniques in China”, Proceedings of Congress on Radioisotope and Radiation Utilization in China, Japan and Korea, Beijing, Nov29-Dec1, 2004

15. Foreign Status of RT Utilization RT utilization in China(3) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions Medical Irradiation Industrial Agriculture 1,000 types of radioisotopes are being used. 80% of them domestically supplied 73 irradiation devises 100,000 tons of foods irradiated a year (2003) 71 industrial electron accelerators (4337.5 kW, 2004) Large container inspection system (53.6M$, 2004) 629 mutation varieties had been bred. (2002) Government has established 5-year breeding plan. “New headway in application of isotope and radiation techniques in China”, Proceedings of Congress on Radioisotope and Radiation Utilization in China, Japan and Korea, Beijing, Nov29-Dec1, 2004

16. Most of commercial reactors belong to government. Canada is the largest RI-production country in the world. Organization is separately installed for the enhancement of RI production in the world-class RI production countries: Canada, South Africa, Russia, Belgium, Argentina and Netherlands. “Beneficial Uses and Production of Isotope,” OECD/NEA, 2000 Current status of radioisotope production in the world Foreign Status of RT Utilization Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

17. “Investigation of RT Utilization in 2002”, Ministry of Science and Technology, 2003 94% 6% RT utilization Nuclear power industry 536M$ (0.1% of GDP) RT Utilization in Korea Urgent need to promote R&D and utilization for advanced economic pattern Domestic Status of RT Utilization Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

18. Size of RT industry (2003) 2,126 organizations (6.4% increase over 2002) 26,189 workers (3% increase over 2002) Domestic Status of RT Utilization “Statistics of Radiation Practices in Korea in 2004”, Korea Radioisotope Association/ Ministry of Science and Technology, 2004 Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

19. 257,445 Ci of RI and RI-loaded instruments (23M$) 302 radiation generators (118M$) High-tech, high-price equipments are all imported. (e.g., gamma camera, SPECT, PET, PET-CT, etc.) Import of RT equipment (2003) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions Domestic Status of RT Utilization GE PET-CT scanner (left) and Cyber-knife (right) installed at Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences “Statistics of Radiation Practices in Korea in 2004”, Korea Radioisotope Association/ Ministry of Science and Technology, 2004

20. RI production: 83,049 Ci (2003) (15.8% increase over 2002) Significantly expanded production capacity using the "HANARO" research reactor and cyclotrons Started to produce Ca-45, Sc-46, Si-30, Kr-79, Ho-166 and Ir-192 at commercial level RI production in Korea Domestic Status of RT Utilization Long hot cell lines at KAERI “2004 Statistics of Radiation Practices in Korea”, Korea Radioisotope Association/ Ministry of Science and Technology, 2004 Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

21. Objectives and Directions of the New Promotion Plan

22. Objectives of the New Promotion Plan Developing a detailed promotion plans for RT related R&D and utilization for the next 7 years (2 years + 5 years) based on the Act for the Promotion of Radiation and Radioisotope Utilization Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

23. Stick to the objectives of the Act Keep a good balance between RT industry and nuclear power industry by encouraging RT related R&D and utilization Promote R&D of core technologies Establish a basis (justification) for the expansion of financial investment and experts education Establish a basis to achieve the objectives of NuTRM (Nuclear Technology Road Map, 2003) Directions of the New Promotion Plan Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

24. Main Areas of the New Promotion Plan Research and development Utilization promotion Education Supporting systems

25. Major action plans developed for Industrial applications Bio-resource applications (Agricultural) Medical applications Fundamental technologies R&D priorities assessed considering Economical and social effect (30%) Technological effect (25%) Urgency (25%) Others (20%) 1. Research and Development Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

26. Major action plans Industrial applications Focusing on R&D and industrialization led by the Advanced Radiation Application Research Center (to be initiated in 2005) Bio-resource applications (Agricultural) Focusing on food/ bio-resource development, public health enhancement, and clean resource production led by Advanced Radiation Application Research Center 1. Research and Development Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

27. Major action plans (continued) Medical applications Focusing on development of nuclear medicine, new material for radiotherapy, diagnostic imaging, medical physics, and radiation protection Fundamental technologies Focusing on advanced fundamental technology, development of next-generation radiation detector and establishment of radiation application facilities 1. Research and Development Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

28. 2. Utilization Promotion Characteristics of RT market Small amount but numerous items Dominated by foreign brands Most of radiation detectors used in NPP are imported. Most of radioisotopes are imported. IMPORT 257,445 Ci PRODUCTION 83,049 Ci “2004 Statistics of Radiation Practices in Korea”, Korea Radioisotope Association/ Ministry of Science and Technology, 2004 Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

29. Major action plans Promote the production and distribution of radioisotopes Establish a distribution center for the production and distribution of radioisotopes Perform a feasibility study to build a new RI production reactor Perform a feasibility study of producing Co-60 using CANDU reactors Establish localized RT utilization centers at major research institutes/universities Promote RT user groups Collect and distribute RT related information Support new domestic RI products 2. Utilization Promotion Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

30. Current status of RT-related education in Korea * Korea Radioisotope Association 3. Education Department of nuclear engineering at universities Department of radiological technology at technical colleges Radiation science program in physics and chemistry fields Special training course for workers (KRIA*, work sites) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

31. Major action plans Educational infrastructure Develop RT-related training courses and training materials Establish integrated radiation experiment facilities at major universities High level education Establish professional graduate schools Develop training courses for university students Develop training courses for facility users (e.g., training courses for HANARO utilization, training courses for radioactivity analysis, etc.) Develop a medical physics program and its related courses Special courses Develop on-line and internet (international network) training courses 3. Education Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

32. 4. Supporting systems Background Excessively strict regulations could hold back the utilization of the radiation technologies Public acceptance (PA) is still a hot issue for promoting the nuclear energy and radiation technologies even after significant effort (i.e. budget spent) Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions Demonstration against the construction of a nuclear waste plant in Buan, Korea.

33. Major action plans Establish detailed action plans for the systems stated in the Act Radiation user association, supervisory research institution, information management institution, RT industry support, etc. Optimize the safety regulations by introducing broad scope licensing, risk informed regulations Establish a comprehensive strategic plan to promote nuclear energy and radiation technologies to the general public Establish an independent nuclear promotion center Establish a dedicated department in the government 4. Supporting systems Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

34. R&D Fund Projection

35. Continuous and concentrated investment from government at the beginning stage Government - R&D and infrastructure Non-government - industrial facilities Motivate private corporations to join voluntarily in the promotion plan Large amount of fund required for the establishment and operation of Advanced Radiation Application Research Center Major considerations Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

36. Assumptions The nuclear R&D fund will increase by 7% every year after 2005 considering additional financial resources and inflation. The portion of the RT-related R&D fund (in the nuclear R&D fund) will increase from 24% (2004) to 30% (2010). Additional RT-related R&D fund will be 7.7 M$ in 2006. Fund for the supervisory research institution (2.5M$) Fund for the advanced radiation detector project (4.2M$) Fund to improve radiation safety regulations (0.4M$) * The research fund mentioned above includes only the research fund from the government Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

37. A: Estimates of annual research funds based on the decision of Nuclear Committee in July 2000 * The status of research fund from RT-related mid/long-term nuclear project (2002-2004) RT-Related R&D fund increases by factor of 2 during the period of 2004-2011: 38.9M$(2004)  76.8M$(2011) 50 100 150 200 250 300 Nuclear Technology including RT (A) Radiation Technology (B) Nuclear Technology (A) Radiation Technology (B) Ratio (B/Ax100) 2002*2003*2004*2005200620072008200920102011 0 162.3158.2164.8166.7182.5195.3208.9223.6239.3256.0 36.637.938.943.351.154.760.664.871.876.8 23%24% 26%28% 29% 30% 162.3 36.6 158.2 37.9 164.8 166.7 182. 5 195. 3 208. 9 223. 6 239.3 256.0 76.8 71.8 64.8 60.654.7 51.1 43.438.9 M$ RT-related R&D fund projection Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

38. Korea has developed an integrated RT promotion plan and detailed actions plans for the next 7 years (2005-2011). The ‘RT related R&D fund’ will increase by factor of 2 during the period of 2004-2011. We hope this integrated approach will result in a rapid development of radiation technologies in Korea. Backgrounds Current Status of RT Objectives and Directions Main Areas R&D Fund Projection Conclusions

39. Thank you for your attention!