1. Truman and Congress: GI Bill of Rights ( free education, unemployment benefits, low-interest loans) Developers: Mass produced, standardized homes built along assembly-line methods Congress: Financial support to clear out slums and build low- income housing units; increased funding for public housing Truman and Congress: Reestablishment of wartime controls on prices, wages, and rents Truman threatens to draft strikers Truman: Federal anti-lynching law; abolition of the poll tax as a voting requirement; establishment of a permanent body to prevent racial discrimination in hiring; passage of federal legislation to eliminate discrimination in voting; integration of the armed forces Suburb: Dixiecrat: Fair Deal:

2. Business: Standardize what people ate; offered economic advancement to people who would conform; offered security to more Americans; contributed to the baby boom and suburbanization; offered consumers more choices. Suburban: Offered people the chance to live the American dream; caused many Americans, especially women, to feel dissatisfied with their lives; contributed to the popularity of the automobile; led to the decline of cities; created racial and economic gulfs between suburban and city dwellers Population: Created the largest generation in U.S. History; contributed to suburbanization and business expansion, led to widespread overcrowding in schools and a teacher shortage Leisure: Contributed to business expansion to leisure fields; gave people time to engage in a wide variety of recreational pursuits; helped to increase sales of books and magazines Automobile: Spurred the building of roads and interstate highways, encouraged suburbanization and urban decline; helped the trucking industry to take business from the railroads; help to unify and homogenize the nation; offered Americans more possibilities for leisure activities; simulated other industries; created noise and air pollution; led to more traffic jams and accidents Consumerism: Helped to popularize the equating of material goods with success Planned obsolescence: manufacturers designed products to be obsolete. Dr. Jonas Salk: designed a vaccine for the crippling disease of poliomyelitis:

3. I Love Lucy; See It Now; Playhouse 90 Comedy; idealized white Americans; Westerns; variety shows Poverty; diversity; contemporary conflicts, such as racial discrimination Turned to local programming; began targeting specialized audiences African-American culture: Hundreds of stations focused on African-American performers, helping to sell their records. Introduced innovations such as stereoscopic sound and Cinemascope to capitalize on its advantages over TV; introduced such fads as piped in smells and 3-D Ginsberg, Kerouac Nonconformity; antimaterialism; interest in a higher consciousness; the shunning of structure in life and art. Elvis Presley, Chuck Berry, Little Richard, Bill Haley and the Comets Heavy rhythm, simple melodies and lyrics, focus on youth FCC: regulate and license: telegraph, telephone, radio, TV, and other communications industries.

4. “White Flight”; suburbanization; remaining city residents poorer than those that left; loss of property and income taxes; a decrease in the quality of services Rundown neighborhoods torn down; cleared areas not always used for housing ; which led to housing shortages The creation of the American GI Forum; the Unity League of California; and voter registration groups in other states. A termination policy adopted by the federal government The Bureau of Indian Affairs began a voluntary relocation program to help Native Americans find a place to live and work and to pay for moving expenses Only 35,000 Native Americans relocated in the program; many of them were unable to find jobs; the number of Native Americans on state welfare soared. bracero: farm workers for hire and then return to Mexico Termination policy: ended federal economic support, discontinued the reservation system; distributed tribal land among Native Americans