1. DNA translations/ protein synthesis

2. Overview of DNA translation
RNA “translates” the genetic code from nucleotide bases into proteins.
Each type of RNA plays a role in translation
Translation happens after transcription
3 base sequences code for an amino acid
Proteins are made of amino acids
Think: how are you going to remember the difference between translation and transcription?
(‘scribe’ means to write)

3. Protein structure Composed of building blocks called amino acids.
20 different types of amino acids.
Sequence and length of amino acid chain determines the shape of proteins
The shape determines the characteristics 3

4. Where Translation occurs
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Ribosomes assemble polypeptides. (chains of amino acids that form proteins) 4

5. Genetic code Each 3 nucleotides on mRNA is a codon.
Each codon codes for a specific amino acid.
64 possible codons.
1 start codons
3 stop codons
60 different codons code for 20 different types of amino acids.
mRNA codon key
Left side: reading from the inside out; What is a possible code for asparitic acid? 5

6. Translation process The ribosome binds to the messenger RNA.
Transfer RNA (with anticodon) brings proper amino acid to ribosome. (Anticodons are the complementary bases of the codons.)
Ribosome moves to next three bases (codon).
Another tRNA brings proper amino acid to ribosome.
Protein is assembled.
Stop codon signals end of protein.
Click to watch video 6

7. Summary review What monomers are proteins made of?
How many bases make up a codon?
Where does protein synthesis occur?
What is an anticodon?