1. KSEE Presentation 20101 ESA Concurrent Design: Concurrent Engineering applied to space mission assessments K. Nergaard ESA – OPS-HSA

2. KSEE Presentation 20102 ESA FACTS AND FIGURES Over 30 years of experience 18 Member States Five establishments, about 2000 staff 3 600 million Euro budget (2009) Over 60 satellites designed and tested More than 10 scientific satellites in operation Five types of launcher developed Over 180 launches made

3. KSEE Presentation 20103 Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Canada takes part in some projects under a Cooperation Agreement. Hungary, Romania and Poland are European Cooperating States. Cyprus, Slovenia, Estonia and Latvia have recently signed Cooperation Agreements with ESA. ESA Member States

4. KSEE Presentation 20104 ESA – What do we do?

5. KSEE Presentation 20105 The ESA project life-cycle Pre- Ph. A SPEC.’s ’s ’sFDIRCDR Lessons Learned Evolving Applications = CDF application / quantity Review 100+ 20 122 1 Pre- Ph. A Phase A Phase B Phase C/D SPEC.’s ’s ’sFDIRCDR Lessons Learned … … Evolving Applications Launch = CDF application / quantity Review 100+ 20 123 2 IndustryIndustry ESAESA

6. KSEE Presentation 20106 Why do we need Concurrent Engineering? To overcome the communication gaps between the “designer” (who produces design information) and the “user” (who utilises the design information) Sequential Design (“over-the-fence” approach)

7. KSEE Presentation 20107 Concurrent design Possible approaches to system design Centralised design

8. KSEE Presentation 20108 The Concurrent Design Facility (CDF): what is it? The ESA Concurrent Design Facility is an Integrated Design Environment (IDE) available to all ESA programmes for interdisciplinary and inter-directorate applications, based on Concurrent Engineering methodology the implementation started in Nov.1998, on an experimental basis with initiative (and support) of the General Studies Programme (GSP) initially conceived for the assessment and the conceptual design of future space missions, i.e. internal pre-phase A / feasibility studies the main ESA CDF is in ESTEC with other establishments having satellite CDF systems (such as ESOC) featuring: –team orientated concurrent engineering –integration of tools, project data, mission and system models –simultaneous participation of all mission domains, incl. Programmatics/AIV, Operations, Cost Engineering, Risk Analysis, CAD, Simulation

9. KSEE Presentation 20109 Re-organization of existing tools and human resources in a more effective (i.e. “concurrent”) way CDF: the approach (Organisation dependent) Engineering Tools & DB‘s Technical Domains Domain Specialists Integrated Design Environment Interfacing Data Sharing Group Team Engineers System Perspective

10. KSEE Presentation 201010 CDF: the achievements Activities performed 100+ (potential) future missions studied and designed internally at pre-Phase A, conceptual, system level 4 new launcher concept design 11 complex payload instrument design (IDA), incl. Platform, system, mission 18 reviews of Industrial Phase A studies (internal + Industry) and Phase B 5 ISS on-board facilities/experiments accommodation studies; teaming with/supporting Industry in Phase A Joint studies with NASA/JPL/PDC-Team X (Distributed Concurrent Engineering), CNES CIC, DLR, Industry, Academia Anomaly investigation for later project phases Educational, training, promotion and standardisation activities Spin-off Transfer of CDF know-how and software to national Agencies, Industry, Academia

11. KSEE Presentation 201011 Benefits Performances (typical pre-Phase A study): –Study duration (Design phase): 3-6 weeks (“classical” 6-9 months!) –Factor 4 reduction in time –Factor 2 reduction in cost (for the Customer) –Increased number of studies per year, compatibly with max 2 parallel studies Improvement in quality, providing quick, consistent and complete mission design, incl. technical feasibility, programmatics, risk, cost Technical report becomes part of the specs for subsequent industrial activity, Cost report remains the ESA independent reference Capitalisation of corporate knowledge for further reusability CDF: an essential tool for the ESA Decision Making and Risk Management processes

12. KSEE Presentation 201012 Process elements Conducted in sessions –plenary meeting where representatives of all space engineering domains participate from early phases (requirement analysis) to end of design (costing) –6 to 10 session / study, 4 hour / session, bi-weekly frequency –team leader co-ordination –customer participation Model driven On-line design Highly co-operative & interactive Iterations Design options comparison and trade-offs

13. KSEE Presentation 201013 Design process Environment Lifetime Payload Reliability Schedule Mission requirements & constraints Products Study Level Planning Study requirements Study results Conceptual model of mission & spacecraft design process Mission analysis Propellant mass Propulsion Instruments Electrical power Dry mass Structure Wet mass Launch mass Data handling Telemetry tracking & command Software Operations & ground systems Resources Objectives Technology Budget S/C Configuration Cost S/C Design Risk Simulation Programmatics Options Launcher Adapter Attitude determination & control Thermal control

14. KSEE Presentation 201014 CE: iterative process Mission requirements analysis Mission analysis Sub-system design Design verification Risk assessment Cost analysis The Spiral Model Key Parameters

15. KSEE Presentation 201015 CDF: the team Team of ESA specialists (senior and junior!) Technical disciplines (‘CDF positions’) selected for Phase 0 studies (according to ESA organisation): SystemsPower InstrumentsCommand and Data Handling Mission analysisCommunications PropulsionGround Systems & Operations Attitude and Orbit ControlSimulation Structures/ConfigurationProgrammatics Mechanisms/PyrosRisk Assessment ThermalCost Analysis Black: sub-system levelBlue: system level Red: based on hi-end tools Note: Instrument design activities have specialised teams with disciplines such as Receiver, Optics etc.

16. KSEE Presentation 201016 Human Missions to Mars Moon Lander Payload & P/L accommodation ROSITA instrument on Columbus External Platform ISS Internal Payload – Science Requirements Definition IMPACT facility inside an ISS rack Socrates Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Advanced launchers Crewed vehicles for exploration preparation programme Telescopes and Technology FIRI WiFLY Diverse range of space missions S5P ExoMars Laplace

17. KSEE Presentation 201017 New CDF application - System of Systems architecture Service oriented – Example: GIANUS Architecture and integration of independent space assets and systems to provide a layer of global services (e.g. security) Collaboration among ESA programme directorates and other Agencies Support EU and national authorities dealing with Civil Crisis Management (ref. EC-EDA-ESA workshop - 16 Sep. 2009 - on Space for Security and Defence)

18. KSEE Presentation 201018 A CDF design session

19. KSEE Presentation 201019 Thanks for your time!