1. CE 410 CE 410 Soil Mechanics u LESSON OBJECTIVES  Explain in engineering terms the difference between rock and soil.  Explain what is soil composed of.  Explain the different types of rocks.

2. CE 410 SOILS u Composed of particles:  Solid matter  Air  Water u Particles result due to weathering, decomposition and disintegration of rock and decay of vegetation. u Rock becomes soil, soil becomes consolidated under pressure and heat to form rock.

3. CE 410 ROCK VERSUS SOIL u No absolute distinction between rock and soil u Engineering view point:  If soil can be removed without blasting, it is soil.  Otherwise, it is rock.

4. CE 410 TYPES OF ROCKS u Igneous u Sedimentary u Metamorphic

5. CE 410 IGNEOUS ROCKS u Formed when molten matter from volcanoes cools. u Examples:  Granite (see pic)  Syenites  Diorites  Basalt  Rhyolites

6. CE 410 SEDIMENTARY ROCKS u Majority of earth’s surface u Formed when rock particles and certain organisms are transported by wind, water, and ice and deposited into layers. u Examples:  Shale (see pic)  Sandstone  Limestone  Dolomite

7. CE 410 METAMORPHIC ROCKS u Less common u Formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks change texture as well as mineral and chemical composition due to heat, pressure, and shear. u Examples:  Granite becomes gneiss (pic)  Shale becomes slate