1. Chapter 2 Africa: Shaped by its History

2. Section 1 African Beginnings
Nile Civilizations
Bantu Migrations

3. ~Very Early History~ The Sahara was once lush and fertile.
African’s first farmers lived in the Sahara.
Our Early human ancestors lived in East Africa 2 million years ago.

4. Early Farmers and Early Cro-magnon Man

5. Changing Survival Skills
Hunting and gathering
Followed the herds
Used stone tools (known as the stone age)

6. Changing Survival Skills Continued… Farmers and Herders
Between 10,000 and 6,000 years ago people began to farm and herd animals.
They domesticated plants and animals.

7. The Beginnings of Farming
Domestication of Animals

8. Early Settlements With domestication came settlements.
Settlements were established on fertile soil and near a water supply.
A surplus of food production allowed for specialization and trading.

9. Trading
Specialization

10. Civilizations on the Nile
Civilization: A society with cities, a government, and social classes.
Note: Your occupation determined your social class.

11. Characteristics of a Civilization
Has cities
A government
Social classes
Form of architecture
Type of writing
Written records
Forms of art

12. Ancient city
Ancient writing
Architecture
Hammurabi’s Law

13. Egypt
Around 5,000 B.C. people began farming along the Nile river’s banks.
Villages grew into civilizations.
Rulers of Egypt were called Pharaohs.

14. Pharaohs Were god/kings Believed in the after-life
Buried in pyramids or the Valley of the Kings

15. Pyramids
Valley of the Kings
Mummy
Pharaoh

17. Egyptian Writing
Called hieroglyphics. (written on papyrus or tomb walls)
Mainly preserved on tombs.
Rosetta Stone unlocked the language of the Egyptians.

18. Papyrus Hieroglyphics Rosetta Stone OTHER SACRED STONE TABLETS
                                                                                                               
Papyrus
Hieroglyphics
Rosetta Stone
OTHER SACRED STONE TABLETS
SACRED PLACES AND TEACHINGS INDEX
ANCIENT EGYPT INDEX
ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF ALL FILES
CRYSTALINKS MAIN PAGE
                       
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20. Nubia Area along the Nile, south of Egypt. Settled around 6,000 B.C.
The Nubians of Napata conquered Egypt around 724 B.C. and ruled for 60 years.

22. Little Nubian Kingdom
Meroe was farther south than Nubia.
Meroe was conquered in A.D. 350 by invading forces from Ethiopia.

23. Meroe
Nubia

24. Bantu Migrations
About 4,000 years ago the largest migration of people ever, took place in Africa.
The reasons for the migration are unknown, but chances are that they had something to do with the food supply.