1. CITATION (End-Text Reference)
RPW 305
Academic English
Survival Skills II
Unit I (pp )
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2. WHAT IS END-TEXT REFERENCE?
The second component of giving references is end-text reference, which provides a more detailed account of the sources that have been used in the essay.
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3. What is the aim of giving end-text reference?
To provide the reader with all the necessary
information in case they want to make use
of the same source.
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4. CAUTION
Make sure that any source cited in the text with paranthetical reference must also appear in the end-text reference.

5. Where do we place end-text reference in the essay?
As you can understand from the name, end-text reference is listed under the title “References” at the end of your essay.
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6. BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING END-TEXT REFERENCE
The list of works should be arranged alphabetically by the author’s surnames.
The title of the reference list should be “References” and should be centered on the page.
The reference list should begin on a new page.
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7. BRIEF GUIDELINES for GIVING END-TEXT REFERENCE
The entries should be double-spaced. The first line should be flushed with the left margin, and all subsequent lines should be indented five spaces from the left margin.
EXAMPLE:
Cox, K., & Hill, D. (2004). EAP now! English for Academic
Purposes: Teacher’s Book. New South Wales, NSW: Pearson and Longman.
Indented
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8. BOOK WITH ONE WRITER
Initials of the
author’s
first name
Year of Publication
Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of power. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc.
Author’s surname
Name of the book
Publisher of the book
City of publication
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9. HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE?
BOOK WITH ONE WRITER
As end-text reference:
Ayling, S. E. (1966). Portraits of Power. New York: Barnes & Nobles, Inc.
HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE?
As in-text reference:
(Ayling, 1966, p.56)
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10. BOOK WITH TWO WRITERS As end-text reference As in-text reference
Oshima, A., & Hogue, A. (1983). Writing academic english. Massachutes: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
HOW DO YOU CITE THIS BOOK AS IN-TEXT REFERENCE?
As in-text reference
(Oshima & Hogue, 1983, p. 85)
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11. BOOK WITH THREE or MORE WRITERS
List by last names and initials; commas separate author names, while the last author name is preceded again by ampersand.
Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R.C., & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5th ed.). Singapore: Mc-Graw-Hill.
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12. How do you cite this book in the text?
Hughes, R. L., Ginnett, R.C., & Curphy, G. J. (2006). Leadership: Enhancing the lessons of experience (5th ed.). Singapore: Mc-Graw-Hill.
The first time it is mentioned?
(Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2006, p. 34)
From the second time onwards?
(Hughes et al., 2006, p.34)
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13. Book – chapter in edited book
Helber, L. E., (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp ). Chichester, England: John Wiley.
The author and chapter title come first, followed by the editors and book title. The page numbers of the chapter are also required.
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14. BOOK WITH EDITOR(S)
Samovar, L. A., & Porter, R. E. (Eds.). (1997). Intercultural communication: A reader (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
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15. WHAT DO THESE COLORS SHOW?
Helber, L. E., (1995). Redeveloping mature resorts for new markets. In M. V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island tourism: Management principles and practice (pp ). Chichester, England: John Wiley.
Author’s name ?
Year of publication ?
Editors’ names ?
Chapter title ?
Page numbers
Book name ? ?
Place of publication ? ?
Publisher
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16. CHAPTER or ARTICLE in a BOOK
Surname
of the writer
Book’s year
of publication
Name of
the article
Name of the
book’s editors
King, M. L. (2007). Three ways of meeting oppression. In S Bachmann, & M. Barth (Eds.),Between worlds: A reader, rhetoric and handbook (5th ed.). (pp ). New York: Pearson – Longman.
page numbers
of the article
Name of
the book
How many times the
book has been edited
As in-text reference:
(King, 2007, pp. 237 – 238)
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17. ARTICLE in a JOURNAL Name of writers Journal’s year of publication
the article
Name of the
journal
Lewis, C., & Robinson W. (2005). The authoritarian personality. The Journal of Psychology, 40 (4), 470 – 501.
Volume number
of the journal
Issue number
of the journal
page numbers
of the article
As in-text reference:
(Lewis & Robinson, 2005, p. 471)
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18. INTERNET ARTICLE Author’s surname Date of publication /
release on the Web
Name of
the article
Mango, A. (2000, September 24). Atatürk in his lifetime and today. Retrieved September 1, 2008, from
Date when the
article was accessed
Web address of the site
where the article was found
As in-text reference:
(Mango, 2000, para. 3)
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19. IMPORTANT REMINDER
While writing end-text references, you need to be very careful with the punctuation, capitalization and italicization.
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20. You are not expected to memorize the conventions of end-text referencing; when you need to prepare a reference list, refer to;
The explanations above for the basics
Appendix B-5
The Publication Manual of the APA
DON’T WORRY!
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21. TASK 4 (p. 62)
Go back to pages and identify which components are:
CAPITALIZED
italicized
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22. Items that need to be CAPITALIZED:
First letter of the first word in book titles and subtitles (other words are not capitalized)
First letters of the words in journal titles
First letter of the first word in the article title in a journal (other words are not capitalized)
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23. Items that need to be italicized:
Names of the books
Names of the journals
Volume number of journals
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24. TASK 5 (p. 63) 1. a) author’s surname b) place of publication
2. title of the book
3. a) author’s initial
b) name of the publishing company
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25. TASK 6 (p. 63) a 6) e i 7) f c 8) g d 9) b j 10) h
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26. STUDY PACK (pp. 24-25) Do the exercises:
In-text and End-text referencing practice sheet
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27. Chapter or article in a book:
Fontana, A. & Frey, J. (1994). Interviewing: The art of science. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. (pp ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage

28. An article in a journal:
Rogers,G. (1999). Reflections on teaching remote and isolated children. Education in Rural Australia, 9 (2),

29. A book:
Gilbert, R. & Gilbert, P. (1998). Masculinity goes to school. St Leonards, NSW: Allen & Unwin.

30. An internet article:
Rothkop, D. (2007, February 24). In Praise of Cultural Imperialism? Effects of Globalization on Culture. Retrieved May 31, 2010, from