1. Nkopane Maphiri, Greenpeace Africa
GREENPEACE PRESENTATION TO NERSA PUBLIC HEARING INTO ESKOM TARIFF INCREASE
21st January 2010
Nkopane Maphiri, Greenpeace Africa
Jay Rutovitz, Institute for Sustainable Futures, University of Technology, Sydney

2. Broad areas to be covered
Brief introduction to Greenpeace Africa
International and national context
Energy [R]evolution
Job creation from the Energy [R]evolution (preliminary results)
Policy imperatives

3. Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice
Greenpeace exists because this fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action.
Mission Statement
Greenpeace is an independent, global campaigning organisation that acts to change attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace.

4. Core Values Independence Non violence Taking direct action
The power of acting together within South Africa

5. International and national context
The reality of climate change continues to outstrip scientific
projections.
An increase in global temperature of more than 2ºC
will cause catastrophic, irreversible climate change.
Climate change is already causing deaths a year
according to a report from Kofi Annan’s Global
Humanitarian Forum.

6. International and national context
International negotiations are ongoing (most recently in
Copenhagen) to come up with a global agreement to tackle
climate change and reduce CO2 emissions post-Kyoto
Protocol.
South African energy policy operates within this context,
and the South African government has made an
international commitment to reach a 42% reduction in
projected emissions by 2025.
Therefore Eskom build plans must take account of the fact that there is a world-wide push to reduce emissions.

7. Energy [R]evolution
South Africa is among the 15 countries with the highest CO2 emissions in the world. Greenpeace and the European Renewable Energy Council (EREC) have published the Energy [R]evolution, a low carbon energy scenario which would allow SA to:
Save money,
Create jobs, and
Maintain sustainable economic development without fuelling catastrophic climate change.
The Reference scenario is “Business as Usual”, and is the International Energy Agency 2007 projection.

8. Energy [R]evolution - electricity generation

9. Energy [R]evolution – renewable electricity
Renewable energy could provide up to 75% of SA’s electricity by 2050.
Investing in renewable technologies and energy efficiency would reduce CO2 emissions in 2050 by 328 million tons per year.

10. Energy [R]evolution
Renewable energy is mature, ready and can be deployed on a large scale within 2 years or less. Proactive investment in renewable power and energy efficiency would mean:
A more diverse energy mix would decrease SA’s
dependency on a single energy source (coal), thereby
increasing energy security.
Energy efficiency is absolutely critical - it offers the simplest, easiest and most cost effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and costs.

11. Energy [R]evolution
Coal and nuclear power need to be phased out.
Emissions from coal pose a real and present threat to people and the environment.
There is no role for nuclear power in the Energy [R]evolution because of the numerous safety threats,
and the fact that there is no solution to waste disposal. Nuclear energy is also very cost intensive.
Carbon capture and storage is unproven, and will deliver too little too late.

12. Energy [R]evolution Jobs
Given the importance of securing energy jobs, and encouraging a just transition to green jobs, Greenpeace Africa commissioned the Energy [R]evolution jobs study which illustrates the benefits of moving towards clean energy and securing South Africa’s future as a champion for change.

13. Energy [R]evolution Jobs
The Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF), University of Technology Sydney, analysed the employment effects of the SA Energy [R]evolution for Greenpeace Africa.
Electricity sector jobs only.
Direct jobs only (does not include jobs in accommodation, catering, or from spending wages).
We included one scenario with enhanced renewable manufacturing and export to rest of Africa.
ISF also did analysis for global Energy [R]evolution.
Preliminary results

14. Energy [R]evolution jobs - methodology
Employment factors (jobs per MW)
UNCERTAINTY
SA factors where possible, otherwise OECD factors + multiplier.
Adjustment for cost decline.
Energy efficiency job factor (only for the reduction in electricity consumption)
Includes a proportion of energy efficiency achieved by solar water heating

15. Employment factors – key inputs
Construction jobs per MW capacity increase
O&M jobs per MW installed
Fuel jobs per GWh
For coal this means coal mining jobs per GWh
Local SA factors for
Coal mining
Coal construction
Coal, nuclear and hydro generation O&M
Solar water heating

16. Employment factor - adjustment from OECD
Labour intensity tends to be higher in countries with lower GDP per capita.
One method: multiply OECD factors by the ratio of labour productivity* in SA to labour productivity in the OECD. This would mean multiplying by 4.6.
We used the weighted average of the ratio between local factors and OECD employment factors, which is 1.8.
Conservative approach.
* GDP per person employed

17. Electricity sector jobs to 2030 (including coal exports)
140
120
Thousands
100 80 60 40 20
2010
2020
2030
2010
2020
2030
Reference [R]evolution

18. The potential for enhanced manufacturing
Additional 26,300 jobs
Additional 22,000 jobs in renewable export
147,400 in total, 45% more than in the Reference scenario
Reference
[R]evolution
[R]evolution enhanced manufacturing

19. Energy [R]evolution jobs - results
The Energy [R]evolution scenario creates 64,000 new jobs in renewable energy between 2010 and 2030.
In electricity supply, the [R]evolution scenario creates 46,000 new jobs by 2030, compared to 29,000 in the Reference scenario.
There are 123,000 energy sector jobs by 2030 in the [R]evolution scenario, 20% more than the Reference scenario.

20. Policy Imperatives
In principle, Greenpeace Africa is not opposed to energy price increases, provided there are provisions to protect low income consumers.
However, Greenpeace Africa does oppose the tariff increase application made by Eskom as it stands. Instead, the proposed tariff increase MUST encapsulate the following principles:

21. Policy Imperatives
The need to prepare SA for a low carbon future and quit our dependency on coal.
Eskom should ring-fence at least 50% of the proposed tariff increase for investments into renewable energy and energy efficiency.
Under no circumstances should the tariff increase go towards funding nuclear energy or more coal power after Medupi and Kusile.
There should be a pause between Medupi and Kusile to develop and build substantial renewable capacity.

22. Policy Imperatives
Energy efficiency is the most cost effective way of meeting energy needs, and Eskom should be required to demonstrate there is no demand management or energy efficiency alternative before developing any further non-renewable capacity.
There should be a national program of providing energy efficiency packages, which should be free to low income consumers, and include efficient appliances, solar water heating, and insulation.

23. Policy Imperatives
Eskom should introduce a universal stepped tariff for residential customers. The Free Basic Electricity should be provided as the first block, followed by charges designed to recoup costs. The FBE should be increased to 100 kWh per month.
The cost of providing FBE, the energy efficiency packages and renewable energy feed in tariff should be spread across all electricity consumers.
NERSA’s mandate should be extended to regulate the municipal tariffs.

24. Conclusion
There is no doubt that South Africa’s energy costs are amongst the cheapest in the world, and there is a justifiable reason for predictable tariff hikes.
The energy price increase together with new policies and incentives should enable Eskom and the private sector to invest in renewable energy, stimulate the local renewable manufacturing industry, create 64,000 green jobs by 2030 and place South Africa in the enviable position of having the foresight to switch over to renewables and become a leading exporter into the new African market for renewables.

25. This fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions
This fragile earth deserves a voice. It needs solutions. It needs change. It needs action.
Thank You.