1. The United States becomes an Industrial Giant The Growth of Industry

2. Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution reached the United States in the early 1800s. Industry is the name given to business involved in manufacturing; transportation; and communications. Second Industrial Revolution was characterized by an increase in technology. Ex: Hand tools are replaced by factory machines, and farming is replaced by large- scale manufacturing.

3. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 1. Natural Resources An abundance of raw materials materials was one reason for the nation’s industrial success. Timber Coal Iron Copper These resources were located in the American West The United States had enough iron ore and coal to provide raw materials for manufactoring. New Resource: Petroleum turned into Kerosene Discovery of oil.

4. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 2. Population Growth It stemmed from two sources: large families and a flood of immigrants. Growth provided industry with an abundant workforce and created greater demand for consumer goods. 3. Technology Technologies and inventions eased transportation and communication. They encouraged new industries which in turn produced more wealth and jobs.

5. New Technologies help nation grow With new farm equipment, Midwestern farmers grew food to feed Northeastern factory workers. Midwestern farmers became a market for Northeastern manufactured goods. The growth of the textile factories increased the demand for Southern cotton.

6. Factors Encouraging Industrial Growth in the Late 19 th Century 4. Government Policy. Laissez-faire a policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation’s economy. A economic system with little or no government regulation is known as a free enterprise system.

7. Developments of Major New Industries Andrew CarnegieJohn D. Rockefeller $ Standard Oil Co. $ Eventually owned all oil companies in US. $ He bought out competitors or drove them out of business. $ He hated competition (he saw it wasteful) $ Scottish businessman $ One of the first industrial moguls to make his own fortune. $ Owned the Carnegie Steel Company $ Passion for supporting charities 80% of fortune went to education. At time of death, he had given away – 350 million.

8. Developments of Major New Industries Cornelius Vanderbilt Became famous for consolidating a number of short railroad lines between NYC & Buffalo to the country’s first great railroad system; the NY Central Station J. Pierpont Morgan Owner of the largest private banking & securities house of America. He reorganized many bankrupt railroads. In 1901; Morgan & his associates purchased the Carnegie Steel Co & merged it with other steel producers to form enormous monopoly known as US Steel Corp (nation’s first billion-dollar Co.)

9. Inventions Thomas Alva Edison -Established the world’s first research laboratory. -Invented the light bulb -Invented electrical system 1.Electrical power ran numerous machines, from fans to printing presses. 2. Became available to homes 3. Industry grew like never before George Westinghouse -The first air brake, making braking a safer venture and thus permitting train to travel at higher Speed.

10. Inventions Christopher Sholes -Invented the typewriter (Changed the world of work) Alexander Graham Bell -Invented the telephone (open the way for worldwide communication network)

11. Inventions Thaddeus Lowe -Invented the ice machine; the basis of the refrigerator. Gustavus Swift -Shipped the first refrigerator load of meat Inside of Swift's Refrigerated Railroad Car

12. Inventions Railroads were built faster and faster. Short lines began to join together to make huge railroad systems. All the new inventions and technologies made work more efficient and cheaper.

13. Inventors: Notable African- American & Women Elijah McCoy An African-American who developed an automatic lubricator for steam engines. Others tried to copy but it didn’t work. Customers would ask for (the real McCoy) that’s where the famous expression comes from. Madam C.J. Walker An African-American woman who invented a hair growing lotion for black women to use to relax hair. She became the first female African-American millionaire

14. Inventors: Notable African- American & Women Sarah Goods- invented cabinet bed First African-American woman to receive a patent. Patent-a document that certifies that invention & has been registered with the government to protect rights of the invention

15. Technology changed the way that people lived. The End