1. Distributed Online Hybrid Test to Trace the Collapse of a Four-Story Steel Moment Frame Tao Wang, IEM, China Andres Jacobsen, Kyoto University, Japan Maria Cortes-Delgado, University at Buffalo, USA Gilberto Mosqueda, University at Buffalo, USA

2. 2 2015/9/7 1.Distributed hybrid test framework (P2P) 2. Flexible test scheme and implementation Outline 3. Specimen design and measure scheme 4. Test results

3. 3 2015/9/7 Substructure A Substructure B Substructure C Substructure D Concept of Hybrid Test System = = == Force Coordinator Partner Displ.

4. 4 2015/9/7 dndn dndn dndn dndn d2d2 d2d2 d2d2 d2d2 d1d1 d1d1 d1d1 d1d1 Analysis Substru.Test Substru. Coordinator R R1 R2 R1 R2 … … … R1 R2 System Implementation

5. 5 2015/9/7 Two Challenges for System Realization (1) How to determine the boundary displacement? Satisfy equilibrium and compatibility at boundary Only use standard I/O, i.e., boundary force & displacement (2) How to avoid iteration for physical loading? One physical loading in one time step Compatibility with trial and error procedure

6. 6 2015/9/7 Procedures of Quasi-Newton Method: 1. Equilibrium equation: 2. BFGS iteration: Quasi-Newton Procedure

7. 7 2015/9/7 Analysis Substru.Test Substru. Coordinator Predicting-Correcting Scheme Displ. A Force dndn FnFn B d n+1 F n+1 Displ. A Force dndn FnFn B d n+1 F n+1 f d f d C d n+1 Wait…dd R1R2 dd R1R2 Predicting Loading Correcting

8. 8 2015/9/7 Target Structure 5,000 4 x 3,500 Planar Model

9. 9 2015/9/7 Substructures 5,000 4 x 3,500 Original Model Target Substructures Mass 1 2 3 1 4 5 1 6 7 2 3 4 5 1 6 7

10. 10 2015/9/7 Substructures with Overlapping Domain 5,000 4 x 3,500 Original Model Overlapped Substructures 2 Mass Mid-node 1 46 357 246 357 1 Overlapping Domain

11. 11 2015/9/7 Flexible Implementation at Boundaries Final Substructures 3,500 Lumped mass Link 3,500 2,500 1,750 Link 5,0002,500 3,500 1,750 First story columns Extended members First story column Extended members Numerical substructure Tested substructure at UBTested substructure at KU

12. 12 2015/9/7 Numerical Demonstration First Story Roof Level

13. 13 2015/9/7 Overseas Collaboration University at Buffalo Kyoto University

14. System Configuration 9/7/2015 Proxy PC Sub1 Matlab xPC Local LAN Buffalo ControlPC1 SCRAMnet StationUB RS232C Coordinator StationKU ControlPC2 ControlPC3 RS232C Internet Local LAN Kyoto 14 2015/9/7

15. 15 2015/9/7 Specimen Setup 2015/9/7

16. Specimen Instrumentation (Kyoto) 9/7/2015 400 744 500 1(3) 24 5(7) 68 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 510 600 640 304 800 16 17 1819 2524 2322 2120 26 27 Strain gauges Digital displacement transducers 16 2015/9/7

17. Specimen Instrumentation (Buffalo) 9/7/2015 CE1 400 CE2 CE3 CW1 400 CW2 CW3 900 B1 Strain gauges 900 B2B3 17 2015/9/7

18. Specimen Instrumentation (Buffalo) 9/7/2015 PCE1 549.3 PCE2 990.6 Potentiometers 50.8 549.3 190.5 PB1T PB1B PCW1 549.3 PCW2 50.8 549.3 990.6 PB2T PB2B PB3T PB3B 18 2015/9/7

19. 19 2015/9/7 Structure Responses 1.The story deformation remains uniform before collapse. The story drifts before collapse is close to 0.02. 2.It finally collapsed in the story mechanism, the first story drift is close to 0.12 rad.

20. 20 2015/9/7 Buffalo Specimen

21. 21 2015/9/7 Kyoto Specimen

22. 22 2015/9/7 Comparison with Shaking Table Test 20% 100%60% 40%

23. 23 2015/9/7 Comparison with Shaking Table Test

24. 24 2015/9/7 Summaries 2.The hybrid test framework is able to implement multiple tested substructures, and it is demonstrated to be stable even though the tested substructures have significant unstable behavior. 1.The hybrid test framework encapsulates each substructure by a standard I/O interface. Only boundary displacements and forces are exchanged between substructures and the coordinator program. 3.The hybrid test framework has a capability to reproduce the dynamic behavior of a structure in a collapse stage.