1. Communication Networks Stand und zukünftige attraktive Arbeitsgebiete für den Lehrstuhl für Kommunikationsnetze Prof. Dr.-Ing. Bernhard Walke Kommunikationsnetze, RWTH Aachen walke@comnets.rwth-aachen.de Sitzung des vorbereitenden Berufungsausschusses Kommunikationsnetze Mo. 19. Dezember 2005

2. 2Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Long Term 3G Evolution >2008 Fixed Walk Vehicle Mobility / Range Indoor Pedestrian High Speed Vehicular Rural Personal Area Vehicular Urban Fixed urban User data rate 10 Mbps 0.1 IEEE 802.16a,d 1 100 HSDPA IEEE 802.16e Nomadic WLAN (IEEE 802.11x) GSM GPRS DECT bluetooth 3G/WCDMA EDGE FlashOFDM (802.20) Wireless Technology Positioning

3. 3Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Facts in Communication Networks and Protocols Digital networks: Fully automated operation; IP Multimedia Sub-System (IMS) is hot issue for future research Application layer data transmission rate –Core Network: excessivly high up to Tera bit/s –Wired local loop: ISDN (128 kbit/s) ->xDSL (6-20->1000 Mbit/s) –Wireless (WLAN) 5 Mbit/s -> 25 - 1000 Mbit/s) –Mobile communication: increasing from ISDN to 100 Mbit/s data rate Increase in # of air interfaces competing -> multimode operation Multi-homing: Use of multiple networks/services at same time Radio resource control for wireless access networks: challenging Resource Re-use Partitioning (interference avoidance) Internet Protocol IPv6/8 to be understood/developed Quality of Service responsive network design: challenge Security & Privacy in comms. nets needs efficient solutions Multi operator network co-operation is unsolved Low cost mobile Internet access will need another decade to come Next wireless/mobile generation will not be the final one

4. 4Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Status and future research funds in ComNets working domain: Network Design and Evaluation Research Broadband for All is a main goal in Europe: The research funding in large scale will continue over the next decade Networks and Protocols Research –large amount of unsolved problems –ComNets (& MobNets) dont have severe academic competition in EU –Is key for the development & operation of distributed systems like power plant, automated factory, networked IT centre, process control plant, Airbus, in car/in home infrastructure, etc. Current position of ComNets –EU funds expenditures ranking in 2004: RWTH=ComNets is rank 4 for all broadband disciplines, including PHY –Exceptionally strong BMBF funding: cooperation with many companies –About 1.450 ComNets research publications downloads per month 3rd parties funds appear available for at least another decade ComNets students profile perfectly fits the markets needs AWRC and UMIC cluster will need ComNets current expertise ComNets during the last 15 years had an average per year of –7 peer reviewed journal articles, 35 peer reviewed conference papers –43 Diploma theses –3.4 Ph.D. theses 1 monography, 2 course books, all published by J. Wiley&Sons 2000+

5. Communication Networks Download Statistics from 1/2001 to 10/2005 Total number of documents downloaded: 84.681 Average of 1435 downloads/month

6. 6Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Paper Downloads by Country in 2005

7. 7Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Einordnung ComNets/MobNets Prozessoren, Chips, Bauelemente, Platinen, USB Stick, usw. PC, Server, Mobile Phone, Funkstrecke, Lokales Netz, Motor/Umformer, Transformator, Elektrofahrzeug Internet, Mobilfunknetz, Glasfasernetz, Hochregallager, Automatisierte Fertigung, Fabrik, Airbus, Transrapid ComNets/MobNets Research/Teaching SMS, MMS, Google/Yahoo Navigation, Steuerungssoftware für komplexe Platt- formen und Systeme, Middleware & embedded Software Technologien und Plattformen: Produktion/Entwicklung wandern tendenziell in Weltregionen mit geringen Lohnstückkosten aus. Schaltungstechnik

8. 8Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Multimedia Internet Service Platform

9. 9Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Layered structure: Link level …focussing the radio transmission System level …focussing the entire network behaviour Protocol level …focussing radio network protocols 2 2 3 3 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 1 reading packet call ComNets Simulation Concepts

10. 10Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Current Work at ComNets I Link Level Simulator of the OFDM transmission chain –SystemC based including C++ code –Detailled implementation of transmitter and receiver, including scrambler, RS/CC codec, interleaving, Modulation etc. –Channel: AWGN, SUI-1 und SUI-5 –IEEE 802.16a conformant Result: Channel model: Bit error rate = f(C/(N+I)) Source Scramble RS Encode Conv. Encode Puncture ByteIntleave Bit-Intleave Modulate Sink Descramble RS Decode Conv. Decode Depuncture ByteDeintleave Bit-Deintleave Demodulate Equal Pilot Insert Preamble Insert IFFT CP Append Channel Pilot Exractt FFT CP Remove Preamble Extract Channel Estimate *SUI=Standford University Interim (for outdoors morpho)

11. 11Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) System Level Simulations Stochastic event driven simulation for traffic performance evaluation of mobile radio networks based on implementation of –Radio network protocols (simplified) –Radio resource management strategies –Multi-cellular radio propagation environment –Multi-network / multi-system coexistence –Time-variant traffic and actual interference characteristics –Input from link-level simulation ComNets expertise in entire network evaluation ComNets tools are being used to drive standardisation of current and future wireless/mobile systems

12. 12Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Protocol Level Simulation: Parameters Radio access mode –Duplex mode (FDD, TDD) –Carrier frequencies (FDMA) –Bandwidth –Radio frame –Time slot structure (TDMA) –Spreading (CDMA) Radio resource management –Thresholds –Timer –Target values Scenario description Services –Type (voice, web, video) –Characteristics –Switching (circuit, packet) –Priority –Associated bearer service Evaluation –Value ranges –Resolution Station data –Position, mobility –Power range

13. 13Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Leistungsbewertung: Simulationsumgebung

14. 14Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Netz-Architektur für GSM und den General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

15. 15Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) GSM/GPRS Protokoll-Stapel

16. 16Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Wartenetz Modell und Anwendung zur Modellierung eines Teilnehmer-Rechensystems q ij = Übergangsraten Matrix - stationsspezifische Bedienstrategie - Wartepuffer mit Prioritäten - Ergebnisse: P(N j = n j ); Wartezeitverteilung Stationsauslastung Durchsatz pro Auftragsklasse usw.

17. 17Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Modellierung: Quelle für Sprachpakete über GPRS Modell der Verkehrsquelle Wartemodell mit stochastischen Ankunfts- und Bedienprozessen und Bedienstrategie

18. 18Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Zustands-Übergangsdiagramm einer Markov Kette Zustand= aktive Sprachquellen N(t)=i, Pufferbelegung Übergänge aus den Zuständen N(t) = i. Aus N(t) sind (nach je 60 ms Übergänge zu N(t+1) = i+1, N(t+1) = i-1 und N(t+1) = i-3 möglich entsprechend den Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten: Zustand: i,j i = aktive Sprachquellen j = Pakete im Puffer

19. 19Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Mathematische Verkehrsleistungs-Analyse für GPRS Sprache Komplementäre Verteilungsfunktion der Warteschlangenlänge für verschiedene mittlere Sprach-Phasenlängen (mittlere Sprachpausenlänge =1 s) 95-Perzentil der Wartezeit von Sprachpaketen bei 10 Sprachquellen

20. 20Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) UMTS (2000): System Throughput & BER Maximum System Throughput for WWW traffic reached with 64 kbit/s DTCH 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 00.20.40.60.81 Block Error Probability No. of Mobile Stations = 10 No. of Mobile Stations = 30 No. of Mobile Stations = 60 No. of Mobile Stations = 100 No. of Mobile Stations = 150 No. of Mobile Stations = 200 No. of Mobile Stations = 250 Block Error Rate at 256 kbit/s the BLER increases with increased Number of Stations, reducing throuphput accordingly.

21. 21Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Cell Capacity over Distance is Inverse to the Needs Range limitation of broadband APS by –high attenuation at high frequencies –limited transmission power (EIRP) –Unfavourable radio propagation conditions, e.g., in urban areas Increased # of BS needed with increased carrier frequency to cover a given area High CAPEX and OPEX High cost/bit transmitted High capacity available close to AP only. Under constant user density: Number of users increases with d Cell capacity offered per area element differs from capacity requested by users Future trend makes it more worse New Deployment Concepts required to bring broadband to wider area than possible with one base station in current systems Reduce the cost/bit transmitted by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude Sources: B. Walke, H. Wijaya, D.C. Schultz: The Application of Relays in Infrastructure-based Future Mobile Radio Network Deployment Concepts Submitted: VTC 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia T. Irnich, D.C. Schultz, R. Pabst, P. Wienert: Capacity of a Relaying Infrastructure for Broadband Radio Coverage of Urban Areas. Proceedings of the 10th WWRF meeting, New York, 10/2003

22. 22Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Relay Enhanced Cells (REC) Using Fixed Relay Stations (FRS) Pros: Relays in REC –dont need a wired backbone access (lowers CAPEX and OPEX) –Full flexibility of relays (re-)positioning Relays introduced to a cell can –enlarge the coverage area bbbbb(using antenna gain) –Increase capacity at cell border –balance the capacity/area element –reduce transmission power increasing public acceptance Reducing co-channel interference (Movable) Relays support –fast network rollout, –outdoor to indoor service –Exploitation of macro-diversity (co-operative relaying) Cons: In band relays consume radio resources Out of band relays need multiple transceivers Relays introduce extra delay AP FRS Source: Walke, Bernhard; Wijaya, Harianto, Schultz, Daniel C.: The Application of Relays in Infrastructure-based Future Mobile Radio Network Deployment Concepts. Submitted: VTC 2006 Spring, Melbourne, Australia

23. 23Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) 1. 2. 3. Line of Sight AP Cellular Multi-hop deployment in highly shadowed environment Channel Group 1 Channel Group 2 Source: ComNets 2003

24. 24Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Capacity at Relay (FRS) with Antenna Gain All AP capacity transferred to one FRS sub-cell Capacity of FRS rises with antenna gain until highest PHY mode can be applied Cost of relaying: 6.67 Mbit/s of AP capacity at 30 dBi gain (example: IEEE 802.11a PHY using a WiMax like MAC protocol) FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP P. Gupta and P. R. Kumar: The capacity of wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 46(2):388 - 404, 2000: Multi-hop reduces capacity. Pabst, Ralf; Esseling, Norbert; Walke, Bernhard: Fixed Relays for Next Generation Wireless Systems - System Concept and Performance Evaluation. Journal of Communications and Networks, Vol.7, No. 2, p.p. 104-114, Korea, 06/2005: Spectrum capacity can be increased by multi-hop, if mesh hops are narrow beam based.

25. 25Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Source: Walke, Bernhard; Pabst, Ralf; Schultz, Daniel C.: A Mobile Broadband System based on Fixed Wireless Routers. Proc. ICCT 2003 Intern. Conf. Comm. Techn., 04/2003 ComNets Vision of a Mobile Low Cost Internet Access: Relay-based Cellular Wireless Mobile Broadband System Access Point 1. Hop Relay 2. Hop Relay Relay Enhanced Cell

26. 26Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Reuse shift parameter for a N = 12 Relay-Cell cluster and Cell Radius R

27. 27Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Single-Hop and Relay Enhanced Cell Throughput compared (3 FRS) 200m central cell 346m single hop cell Area = 200m Iso-throughput curves Esseling, Norbert: Ein Relaiskonzept für das hochbitratige drahtlose lokale Netz HIPERLAN/2, ABMT 42, 1. Auflage Jul/2004, 307 Seiten, ISBN: 3-86130-169-5 www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/ Dissertati.178.0.html

28. 28Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) End-to-End Throughput Downlink along y-Axis

29. 29Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Single-Hop and Relay Enhanced Cell Throughput compared (3 FRS) 200m central cell 346m single hop cell Area = 200m Iso-throughput curves Esseling, Norbert: Ein Relaiskonzept für das hoch bitratige drahtlose lokale Netz HIPERLAN/2, ABMT 42, 1. Auflage Jul/2004, 307 Seiten, ISBN: 3-86130-169-5 www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/ Dissertati.178.0.html At 11,8 dbi

30. 30Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Multi-hop Relay Technologies R. Pabst, B. Walke, D.C. Schultz:Relay-Based Deployment Concepts for Wireless and Mobile Broadband Radio. In IEEE Communications Magazine, p.p. 80-89, New York, US, 09/2004 Time domain relay (FWR) Frequency domain relay Frequency domain relay with pure forwarding

31. 31Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Forwarding Concept: Case 2 MTs served by AP MTs served by FRS#4 MTs served by FRS#3 FRS#4 served by AP FRS#3 served by AP MTs served by FRS#2 MTs served by FRS#1 Time T MP-MT T AP-FRS FRS#2 served by AP FRS#1 served by AP FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP T MP-MT One carrier frequency Exploitation of environment 2 Groups of FRSs that can serve their MTs in parallel One carrier frequency Exploitation of environment 2 Groups of FRSs that can serve their MTs in parallel

32. 32Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Coordination Across BS Resource Partitioning MTs served by AP C MTs served by FRS#C4 MTs served by FRS#C3 FRS#C4 served by AP FRS#C3 served by AP MTs served by FRS#C2 MTs served by FRS#C1 Time T MP-MT T AP-FRS FRS#C2 served by AP FRS#C1 served by AP T MP-MT MTs served by AP B MTs served by FRS#B4 MTs served by FRS#B3 FRS#B4 served by AP FRS#B3 served by AP MTs served by FRS#B2 MTs served by FRS#B1 FRS#B2 served by AP FRS#B1 served by AP MTs served by AP A MTs served by FRS#A4 MTs served by FRS#A3 FRS#A4 served by AP FRS#A3 served by AP MTs served by FRS#A2 MTs served by FRS#A1 FRS#A2 served by AP FRS#A1 served by AP Cell Type A Cell Type B Cell Type C Time Slot to Feed FRSs Time Slot XTime Slot Y Time Slot Z

33. 33Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Coordination Across BSs Only one Carrier Freq. Required to cover the scenario Distance between co-channel sub-cells: 460 m Only one Carrier Freq. Required to cover the scenario Distance between co-channel sub-cells: 460 m FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 AP FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 3 FRS 4AP FRS 1 FRS 3 FRS 4AP FRS 4 FRS 3 FRS 1 FRS 2 FRS 4AP FRS 2 FRS 1 Cell Type A Cell Type B Cell Type C

34. 34Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Mesh Network applied to IEEE 802.11 WLAN: ComNets Proposal Works under IEEE 802.11 PCF mode MPs operate as PC (point coordinator) Beacons with the format of IEEE 802.11s from the PC inform nodes of the CFP (contention free period) and CP (contention period) MN works during CFP, IEEE 802.11 on CP MN IEEE802.11eMN CFPCP IEEE802.11eMN CFPCP Coexistence of MN with IEEE 802.11e BeaconGuard timeNote: The guard times are fixed Source: Zhao, Rui; Walke, Bernhard; Hiertz, Guido: W-CHAMB (Wireless CHannel Oriented Ad-hoc Multi-hop Broadband): A new MAC for better support of Mesh networks with QoS, Contribution to IEEE 802.11 WLAN Working Group Session, September 2004, p. 5, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, 09/2004 ComNets 2004 And: Wijaya, Harianto: Broadband Multi-Hop Communication in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Wireless Lan Networks ABMT 46, 1. Auflage Feb/2005, 237 Seiten, ISBN: 3-86130-175-X, available at: www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/Dissertati.178.0.html

35. 35Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Mesh Network (MN) and IEEE 802.16 combined. ComNets proposes dedicated mesh network protocol Provides meshing of APs and Relays and MS access in the same channel within a Relay Enhanced Cell (REC) Base Station/Relay Node are called MeshPoint (MP) MN connects MPs in RECs and MPs of adjacent RECs using MAC-frame periodic slots IEEE 802.16 MAC frame serves MSs on first hop to MP MN IEEE802.16MN PeriodicFrame specific IEEE802.16MN PeriodicFrame specific Coexistence of MN with IEEE 802.16 BeaconGuard timeNote: The guard times are fixed Source: Mangold, S.; Habetha, J.; Choi, S.; Ngo, C.: Coexistence and interworking of IEEE 802.11a and ETSI BRAN HiperLAN/2 in multi-hop scenarios. In 3rd IEEE Workshop Wireless Local Area Networks, Boston, 09/2001

36. 36Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Possible IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Mesh Solution BSs connected by MN on separate frequency channel IEEE 802.16 between BS and SSs or RNs (one-hop forwarding possible)

37. 37Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Coexisting WLANs: The Game Model Overlapping WLANs are represented by a player Each player has a strategy to determine what action to select An action specifies a behavior The players optimize the payoff (i.e. outcome) of the game

38. 38Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) WLAN Spectrum Coexistence Scenario: Two 802.11e QBSSs sharing one Channel Basic Service Sets are modeled as players that attempt to optimize their outcomes The coexistence problem is modeled as a repeated, stage-based game QSTA: Quality Station HCF: Hybrid Coordinator Function

39. 39Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Nash Equilibrium Definition: No player can gain a higher payoff in deviating from Nash Equilibrium stable and thus predictable point of interaction player i defecting player -i defecting stable point of interaction

40. 40Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Strategies in Multi Stage Games (I) Strategies describe the alternatives a player has for an action within a Multi Stage Game Consideration of interaction with decisions of influenced players Strategies modeled as state machines (2) GRIM Example: Dynamic trigger strategy TitForTat (TFT) – the player cooperates if the opponent cooperates and vice versa (1) COOP(3) RANDOM (4) TFT

41. 41Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Strategies in Multi Stage Games (II) TFT versus various strategies Multi Stage Games of multiple strategies, evaluated in terms of observed throughput (Θ) and (TXOP) delay TFT: Players behavior follows the opponents leading to predictable MSG outcomes QoS guarantee RANDOM: frequent fluctuation in behavior implies instable game course unsatisfying QoS degradation RANDOM versus various strategies

42. 42Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) ComNets Concept for a Flexible Protocol Stack Protocols share a lot of commonalities, that can be exploited in an efficient multi-mode capable wireless system Generic Protocol Stack as toolbox of parameterizable protocol functions Generic part: Tradeoff of general usability vs. implementation effort

43. 43Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) WINNER Multi-Mode Protocol Architecture WINNER Multi-Mode Protocol Architecture (2) management that is specifically optimized for the mode1 and mode2 in use probably more efficient Stack Management alternatively: (1) generic management more flexible

44. 44Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Reference Structure of Layer or Sublayer (N) Layer Modes Convergence Manager ((N)-MCM): Facilitates the structuring of an arbitrary layer into generic and specific parts Responsible for composition and (re-)configuration Controlled by the stack management Optimization potential is marked up in questioning the necessity of indicated differences

45. 45Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Realization of the Flexible Protocol Stack Functionality of the Layers is composed from a toolbox of functional units Mode-specificness can either be specific modules or specific configuration / parameterization of the stack, individual layers or even functional units Reference Implementation for WINNER Layer 2 currently performed at ComNets

46. 46Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Spectrum Requirement Estimation at a Glance Market infoCalculation algorithmRadio technology info Future services Offered traffic Required Quality of Service (QoS) Scenarios definition Traffic distribution to Radio Access Techniques (RAT) & Radio Environments Capacity dimensioning Adjustments & weighting Capabilities Availability/ Coverage Technical spectrum requirements

47. 47Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) General Approach for Capacity Calculation In packet based systems QoS constraints require certain amount of free capacity System Load System Throughput Mean Delay 100% Physical Layer Throughput Delay Target Usable fraction of system capacity MAC Layer Throughput RLC Layer Throughput overloadunderload T max = C rlc System Load

48. 48Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) β N, β N (2) β 1, β 1 (2) Packet-switched Capacity Calculation Required system capacity calculated from M/G/1/FCFS/NONPRE queue (head of the line priority queue) Throughput requirements per SC derived under steady state operation To meet the delay requirement of a Traffic Class needs proper dimensioning of capacity C λ1λ1 λ2λ2 λNλN C Priority 1 Priority 2 Priority N Server Parameters of the model: λ i : arrival rate of packets with priority i β i (i) : i-th moment of service duration of packets with priority I C: capacity searched for Highest priority Lowest priority β 2, β 2 (2)

49. 49Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Aggregate Spectrum Requirement Results shown above do not include last step of new methodology (i.e., accounting for multiple operators, guard bands, FSU, etc.) Some parameters for PS capacity calculation have been reasonably chosen, other choice would have led to different results Small difference resulting is more or less coincidence, since a number of effects partly compensate each other The scenario considered is not a likely scenario to be looked at in spectrum requirement calculation in preparation for WRC-07 Comparison shows that results are in line with earlier results New methodologys concepts and algorithms represent state of the art Required spectrum [MHz]Relative change [%] Service environment ULDLUL+DLULDLUL+DL SE118.33221.74240.07440.91-21.37-1.44 SE2130.754257.224387.97812.85-0.373.72 SE39.3329.77219.30473.79-23.554.81 Sum154.418288.738447.35618.00-3.333.28

50. 50Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Communication Networks (Walke): We do mostly layers 2..4 Transport Services & Protocols 4 Radio Resource & Mobility 3 Control Location Based Services 3 Medium Access & Link Control 2 Protocols Smart Antenna Protocol 1-2 Support Broadband Wireless Transport Platforms Mesh Netwks. & Relaying for cellular Fixed and Mobile Networks Convergence IEEE 802.11/15/16/21 Standardization Wireless Networks & Interworking Spectrum Co-existence Research Traffic Performance Evaluation (Theory of Large Systems) Adaptive Protocol Stack Software

51. Communication Networks ComNets Profile http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/ (Oct. 2005) http://www.comnets.rwth-aachen.de/ ComNets research focuses on OSI-layers 2, 3 and 4. We work also in radio spectrum co-existence & design of adaptive protocol stack solutions for multi-radios. Some of our people are in domains of the -spectrum & regulation, - cognitive radios, - SW-defined re-configurable radios. Research is both strongly theoretical and experimental. Experimentation capabilities at ComNets cover the down to bit level prototype like implementation of radio access networks based on software based tools and include the possibility to implement protocol stacks and new algorithms for test. Design and Optimisation of Disruptive Deployment Concepts for Future Cellular Radio is our strongest key research area, this extends to wireless mesh networks. We have contributed to standards like GSM/GPRS, ETSI HiperLAN2, IEEE 802.11e,k,s, IEEE 802.15.3, IEEE 802.16 CEN TC 278 DSRC, ITU-R WP8F spectrum estimation methodology. Our theoretical basic research, especially in game theory applied to radio systems co-existience in frequency spectrum will hopefully permit better exploitation of spectrum. We are leading in mesh networking protocols for wireless systems. Our wireless broadband multi-hop ad-hoc communication network design does not have any severe competition. We are able to evaluate really large communication systems based on the unique tools that we have developed.

52. 52Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Comparison MobNets (left) and ComNets (right) Transport Protocobls 4 Network Optimization & Theory 3 Service Discovery 3 Link Layer Protocols 2 Cross Layer Issues &Low-Power 1/2 Sensor Networks and Applications Personal Area Networks Self-Configuration (ad hoc) Wireless LANs Advanced Cellular Networks Cognitive Radios and Networks Transport Services & Protocols 4 Radio Resource & Mobility 3 Control Location Based Services 3 Medium Access & Link Control 2 Protocols Smart Antenna Protocol 1-2 Support Broadband Wireless Transport Platforms Mesh Networks & Relaying for Cellular IEEE 802.11/15/16/21 Standardization Spectrum Co-existence Research Traffic Performance Evaluation Adaptive Protocol Stack Software

53. 53Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Courses, Labs and Seminars Networking & Protocols Expertise is a must for Information Technology Engineers Both Curricula –Information & Communications (ET & IT) –Technical Computer Science (TI) Contain mandatory courses and courses to be selected from catalogues on Networking & Protocols The load from Course Lecturing, Labs and Seminars is by far to big to be shouldered by one chair It is agreed that MobNets is not lecturing courses in basic studies

54. 54Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Curriculumlecture, Labs, SeminarsType CreditsResponsibles ET&IT u. TIGrundgebiete der Informatik 3MandatV2 Ü1Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. ET & IT u. TI Praktikum Grundgeb. Informatik 1MandatP4Walke/Kraiss und wiMi TI und ET & IT Komm.Netze u. VerkehrstheorieMandatV4 Ü2Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. TI und ET & IT Praktikum KommunikationsnetzeElectiveP4Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. ET & IT Praktikum MobilfunknetzeElectiveP3/4Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. ET & ITSeminar KommunikationsnetzeElectiveV3Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. TI und ET & ITStochastische SimulationstechnikCatalogV4 Ü2Walke/jetzt Lehrauftrag TI und ET & ITPraktikum Stochast.SimulationstechnikElectiveP3/4Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. Techn. Inform. Einführung: Objektorient. Programmierg.Mandat P3Walke/Gebhardt u.a. Techn. Inform. Projekt CORBAElective V4 Walke u. wiss. Mitarb. Courses, Labs and Seminars by ComNets Current (stationary) Status

55. 55Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Proposal for Call for Applications Kommunikationsnetze mit den Anwendungsgebieten : 1.Modellierungstechnik, Verkehrstheorie, Bedientheorie, stochastische Simulationstechnik mit Anwendungen auf Mobile Breitbandnetze (Mesh und Relay-Netze) Netzoptimierung und Kooperation von Drahtlos- und Mobilfunknetzen 2.Spektrums-Koexistenz Forschung 3.Software Entwicklungsmethoden (UML) für Netze und multi-mode Terminals

56. 56Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Wesentliche Ergebnisse in 2004 38 Conference Papers, 5 Journal Papers, 10 IEEE Standardisation Contributions 6 Awards Packet Relays accepted world-wide as disruptive technology: - capacity enhancement for 2 & 3G systems -Range extension for wireless broadband systems Co-existence of radio research established Mobile Web services demonstrated Air Interface Multi-Mode operation through Modes Convergence Manager A number of contributions to IEEE 802 Project, namely: -.11s Mesh -.15s Mesh -.11 and.15 multi-hop support -.16 spatial multiplexing

57. 57Communication Networks, Aachen University (RWTH) Ende