1. Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning 7 Consumers, Producers, and the Efficiency of Markets

2. Table 1 Four Possible Buyers’ Willingness to Pay Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

3. Copyright © 2010 Cengage Learning Figure 1 The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve (1) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

4. Figure 1 The Demand Schedule and the Demand Curve (2) Price of album 0Quantity of albums Demand 1234 €100 Liam’s willingness to pay 80 Paul’s willingness to pay 70 Noel’s willingness to pay 50 Tony’s willingness to pay Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

5. Figure 2 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve (1) (a) Price = €80 Price of album 50 70 80 0 €100 Demand 1234 Quantity of albums Liam’s consumer surplus (€20) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

6. Figure 2 Measuring Consumer Surplus with the Demand Curve (2) (b) Price = €70 Price of album 50 70 80 0 €100 Demand 1234 Total consumer surplus (€40) Quantity of albums Liam’s consumer surplus (€30) Paul’s consumer surplus (€10) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

7. Figure 3 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus (1) Consumer surplus Quantity (a) Consumer surplus at price P Price 0 Demand P1P1 Q1Q1 B A C Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

8. Figure 3 How the Price Affects Consumer Surplus (2) Initial consumer surplus Quantity (b) Consumer surplus at price P Price 0 Demand A B C DE F P1P1 Q1Q1 P2P2 Q2Q2 Consumer surplus to new consumers Additional consumer surplus to initial consumers Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

9. Table 2 The Costs of Four Possible Sellers Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

10. Copyright © 2010 Cengage Learning Figure 4 The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve (1) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

11. Figure 4 The Supply Schedule and the Supply Curve (2) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

12. Figure 5 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve (1) Quantity of houses painted Price of house painting 500 800 €900 0 600 1234 (a) Price = €600 Supply ’ Nana’s producer surplus (€100) Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learnin g

13. Figure 5 Measuring Producer Surplus with the Supply Curve (2) Quantity of houses painted Price of house painting 500 800 €900 0 600 1234 (b) Price = €800 Georgia’s producer surplus (€200) Total producer surplus (€500) ’Nana’s producer surplus (€300) Supply Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

14. Figure 6 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus (1) Producer surplus Quantity (a) Producer surplus at price P Price 0 Supply B A C Q1Q1 P1P1 Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

15. Figure 6 How the Price Affects Producer Surplus (2) Quantity (b) Producer surplus at price P Price 0 P1P1 B C Supply A Initial producer surplus Q1Q1 P2P2 Q2Q2 Producer surplus to new producers Additional producer surplus to initial producers D E F Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

16. Copyright © 2010 Cengage Learning Figure 7 The Effect of a Subsidy on the Price of Gasoline

17. Figure 8 Consumer and Producer Surplus in the Market Equilibrium Producer surplus Consumer surplus Price 0 Quantity Equilibrium price Equilibrium quantity Supply Demand A C B D E Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning

18. Figure 9 The Efficiency of the Equilibrium Quantity Quantity Price 0 Supply Demand Cost to sellers Cost to sellers Value to buyers Value to buyers Value to buyers is greater than cost to sellers. Value to buyers is less than cost to sellers. Equilibrium quantity Copyright © 2011 Cengage Learning