1. Westward Expansion and Imperialism

2. U.S. Presidents, 1877-Present
Rutherford B. Hayes,
James Garfield, 1881
Chester Arthur,
Grover Cleveland,
Benjamin Harrison,
Grover Cleveland,
William McKinley,
Theodore Roosevelt,
William H. Taft,
Woodrow Wilson,
Warren Harding,
Calvin Coolidge,
Herbert Hoover,
Franklin D. Roosevelt,
Harry Truman,
Dwight Eisenhower,
John F. Kennedy,
Lyndon Johnson,
Richard Nixon,
Gerald Ford,
Jimmy Carter,
Ronald Reagan,
George H.W. Bush,
William J. Clinton,
George W. Bush, 2001-present

3. Gary Gerstle on American nationalism
Civic nationalism - inclusive, draws on American democracy
Racial nationalism - denies the ability of non-white races to assimilate into American society
Theodore Roosevelt represents the “divided” character of American nationalism that combined both
What about Jacob Riis?

4. Westward Expansion
14 new states created after the Civil War
Homestead Act of 1862 facilitated land settlement
Male violent culture exaggerated in the movies (44 shootings )
mid-1880s buffalo herds destroyed
1887 Dawes Act grants citizenship and land ownership to Indians
As a result Indians tribes lose 86 out of 130 million acres between
1890 census could not locate a frontier line where population was fewer than 2 people per square mile
Historian Frederick Jackson Turner declared “the end of the frontier”

5. Westward Expansion > The Battle of Little Bighorn, 1875

6. Westward Expansion > The Battle of Little Bighorn, 1875

7. Westward Expansion > Sioux drawing of the battle of Little Bighorn

8. Westward Expansion > Custer’s last stand, painting

9. Westward Expansion > The Battle of Wounded Knee, 1890

10. Westward Expansion > Ghost dance, painting
During the fall of 1890, the Ghost Dance spread through the Sioux villages of the Dakota reservations, revitalizing the Indians and bringing fear to the whites. A desperate Indian Agent at Pine Ridge wired his superiors in Washington, "Indians are dancing in the snow and are wild and crazy....We need protection and we need it now.

11. Westward Expansion > Ghost dance, painting

12. Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, first moments of the battle

13. Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, another illustration

14. Westward Expansion > Frederick Remington, another illustration

15. Imperialism > Spanish-American War, 1898

16. Imperialism > USS Maine in Havana, 1898

17. Imperialism > William Randolph Hearst newspapers promoted Spanish-American War, 1898

18. Imperialism > A Fleet Steaming up North River, 1898

19. Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” photo
After the San Juan hill battle

20. Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” painting

21. Imperialism > Teddy Roosevelt’s “Rough Riders,” painting depicts no black troops
El Pozo is one of five drawings produced by William Glackens used to illustrate an eyewitness account as reported in the October 1898 issue of McClure's Magazine of the assault on San Juan Hill, overlooking Santiago, Cuba. Glackens was the only artist sent by the magazine to cover the Spanish American War fought in the spring and summer of His sketches in the field capture the atmosphere and mood of this short-lived war.

22. Imperialism > Spanish-American War gravesite

23. Imperialism > Philippine-American War, 1898-1902

24. Imperialism > Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden”
Take up the White Man's burden--
Send forth the best ye breed--
Go, bind your sons to exile
To serve your captives' need;
To wait, in heavy harness,
On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught sullen peoples,
Half devil and half child.
Take up the White Man's burden!
Have done with childish days--
The lightly-proffered laurel,
The easy ungrudged praise:
Comes now, to search your manhood
Through all the thankless years,
Cold, edged with dear-bought wisdom,
The judgment of your peers.

25. Imperialism > “The White Man’s Burden,” Judge, 1890s

26. Imperialism > Occupation as an educational project

27. Imperialism > President William McKinley “civilizing” Filipinos

28. Anti-Imperialism > The Anti-Imperialist League
Founded in 1898 in Boston
Branches in New York, Philadelphia, Cincinnati, Chicago, and other cities
Among the founders:
Jane Addams, founder of Hull House
Samuel Gompers, labor leader
Grover Cleveland, former President
Andrew Carnegie, steel magnate
Ida B. Wells-Barnett, anti-lynching reformer and co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded in 1909)
Mark Twain was the League’s Vice-President from 1901 to 1910

29. Anti-Imperialism > Mark Twain as a savage
“Can the Missionary Reach This Old Savage,” Minneapolis Journal
"We do not intend to free but to subjugate the people of the Philippines," he wrote. "I am opposed to have the eagle put its talons on any land."