1. Geology
4th Grade

2. EQ:
What is geology?

3. Geology K-W-L
Know
Want to Know
Learned

4. What is geology? A root and a suffix
geo means “land, earth”
ology means “study of”
Geology is, “the study of the earth and its layers.”

5. So how do scientist know what is inside the Earth?
Making inferences (conclusion based on evidence)…
Make scale models
Drill into the Earth
Study energy waves from earthquake
Study rocks that spew from volcanoes

6. EQ:
What is plate tectonics? What was the name of the super continent?

7. Key Definitions
plate tectonics-the movement and reformation of continents due to the shifting of the ocean’s crust and mantle underneath Pangaea- supercontinent that once contained all of the major continents in the world Alfred Wegener-German meteorologist who theorized continental drift in 1912

8. Continents Song
North America, South America, Europe, Asia, and Australia, Africa, Antarctica, These are the continents.

9. Pangaea

11. Pangaea

14. EQ:
What are the 4 main layers of the Earth?

15. Key Definitions
core-earth’s innermost layer, two zones (the outer core and the inner core) composed mainly of iron and nickel crust-outer portion of earth mantle-the layer of earth found between the crust and the core, composed of magma tectonic plates-rigid layers of earth’s crust, including the continental and oceanic crusts, that drift slowly atop the mantle

16. Layers of the Earth
4 layers
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

17. The Crust Movement of ~20 huge slabs called, “tectonic plates”
Forms the shape of our continents
Creates mountains
Cause volcanoes to erupt

18. EQ:
Name and describe three plate boundary types.

19. Key Definitions
convergent boundary– plates come together divergent boundary- plates pull apart subduction- one plate goes under another transform boundary – plates slide past

20. Types of Boundaries

21. Types of Boundaries Simulation

22. Plate Tectonics

24. EQ:
What is an earthquake?

25. Key Definitions
earthquake-a movement of Earth’s crust fault-a fracture in Earth’s crust along which the blocks of rock on either side have been pushed together or moved apart mountain-an uplifted section of the surface of the Earth that is formed by the movement of two tectonic plates, and by volcanism, folding, and faulting Richter Scale-numerical scale that measures the magnitude (how strong) of an earthquake seismograph-machine that detects and records the intensity of ground movements such as earthquakes

26. Earthquakes and Faults

27. Seismograph Simulation

28. EQ:
What are the 4 types of mountains?

29. Key Definitions
dome-folded mountain, shaped like an upside down bowl with the layers dipping away from the center in all directions fault block mountain-a mountain formed when Earth’s crust is pulled apart, blocks of crust drop down or are tilted (Rocky Mountains) folded mountain-a mountain formed where plates move into each other, causing layers of rock to move up and warp or fold (Appalachian and Ural) volcanic mountain-a mountain formed by a vent flowing with magma from the mantle to the crust

30. Making Mountains

31. Can you identify each type of mountain?B.
Can you identify each type of mountain? C. D.

32. EQ:
What is the main difference between magma and lava?

33. Key Definitions
volcano-an opening in the crust of Earth that ejects lava, gases, and ash dormant-temporarily inactive extinct volcano-a volcano that was once active but has stopped erupting and will never erupt again magma-molten rock found under Earth’s surface lava-molten rock moved to earth’s surface by a volcano tsunami-seismic sea wave caused by an earthquake, landslide, or volcanic activity that occurs under the ocean

36. Mt. St. Helen’s 1980

38. EQ:
What causes a geyser to erupt?

39. Key Definitions
geothermal energy-energy that uses or relates to heat from the interior earth geyser- a hot spring that occasionally releases water and steam into the air hot spring- groundwater that comes to the surface when it is heated by geothermal energy

40. Geyser Simulation

41. Hot Springs and Geysers
“Old Faithful” Geyser
Located in Yellowstone National Park
Erupts every 90 min.
Live Webcam
Video Footage

42. EQ:
How do the 3 types of rocks form?

43. Key Definitions
erosion-the transportation of rock particles to a new location igneous rock- rock formed by molten magma or lava that has hardened metamorphic rock- rock that has been changed due to pressure and heat sedimentary rock- rock formed from sediments that are pressed together weathering-process by which rocks are broken down and changed by exposure to environmental conditions (chemical or physical)

44. 3 Types of Rock

45. Rock Cycle

46. EQ:
How is chemical weathering different from physical weathering?

47. Weathering
weathering-process by which rocks are broken down and changed by exposure to environmental conditions
-chemical weathering: chemically altering the mineral components of rocks
ex: rusting of iron (oxidation)
-physical weathering: changing the physical properties of rock
ex: larger rock breaking into smaller pieces (freezing/thawing/wind)

48. Sink Hole in a Cup Simulation

49. Bill Nye “Science Guy”
Rocks and Soil 23 min