1. Sea Sediments Match the type with origins A.Cosmogenous1. dissolved elements B.Hydrogenous2. erosion C.Biogenous3. dust from space D.Terrogenous or4. shells Lithogenous

2. Cosmogenous: cosmic dust Hydrogenous: dissolved elements such as the manganese nodules with lots of iron. Terrogenous/lithogenous: erosion of soil Biogenous: shells / living organisms

3. Sediment size from large to small Silt + clay = mud

4. Ooze distribution: yellow and green are silaceous (calcium has dissolved due to pressure and cold)

5. Definitions Ooze: layer of dead organisms made from biogenous sediment Carbonate compensation depth (CCD) is a level in the oceans below which the rate of supply of calcium carbonate equals the rate of dissolution, such that no calcium carbonate is preserved.

6. Process of ooze formation

7. LYSOCLINE/CCD: calcium carbonate compensation depth LYSOCLINE- RAPID CHANGE IN THE CALCIUM LEVELS AT DEPTHS OF ABOUT 4000-5000 METERS

8. Sediment on continental shelves Calcareous biogenous sediments dominate tropical shelves. River-supplied sands and muds dominate temperate shelves. Glacial till and ice-rafted sediments dominate polar shelves.

9. Biogenous sediment producers Cocolithophores: Ca Foraminferans: Ca Diatoms: Si Radiolarians: Si

10. Ekman Grab Ekman Grab for soft Bottom sampling

11. Hydrogenous sediments Ferromanganese Nodules Hydrogenous deposits from as a result of chemical reactions within seawater or between seawater and sediments; most known example are manganese nodules, with „growth rates“ of 5-10 mm/million yr. Mined for world’s manganese supply.

12. Glomar Challenger 1968 - The Glomar Challenger starts operations for the Deep- Sea Drilling Project. Over the years the OPD (Ocean Drilling Project) has drilled many sites. First major exploration of ocean floor sediments