1. Basic physical, mental, social and spiritual needs of children and adolescents Tereza Kopřivová Herotová, Ph.D. Department of Child and Youth Health tereza.koprivova@lf3.cuni.cz

2. MASLOW’S MODEL OF HUMAN NEEDS Basic human needs have universal character and they are common to all people irrespective of age, race, ethnicity, culture, religion and community. The diversity of individual people are ways and means, especially depending on their age, historical period and social belonging of individual human beings.

3. ABRAHAM MASLOW http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow American psychologist one of the founders of humanistic psychology Author of hierarchy of human needs, which is usually visualized as a pyramid

4. PYRAMID DESCRIPTION 1.self actualization – realization of own possibilities of growth and self development (potential) 2.esteem (be respected by others, be successful from the point of view of other people and based on this positive self evaluation) 3.love (leading to desire for belongingness, be accepted and loved) 4.safety (avoiding of unknown, dangerous, unusual) 5.physiological needs (food, warm…)

5. HIERARCHIZATION PRINCIPLE In general needs from the bottom of the pyramid are more important and at least to partly meet this kind of needs is a condition that leads to formation of less important and developmental „higher“ needs. This principle is not valid unreservedly – meeting of „higher“ needs can help in extreme situations of our life, e.g. in concentration camps, during natural disasters.

6. MASLOW’S PYRAMID

7. Basic biological kids’ needs air, water, warm food sleep dwelling, clothing protection against diseases and traumas

8. Basic psychological kids’ needs amount, quality and variability of stimulus system and purpose of stimulus for learning emotional and social ties to formation of personality need of identity need of open future

9. Basic social kids’ needs social skills patterns of rules of behaviour in social communication and understanding of nonverbal communication protection against all forms of interpersonal violence need of coping with stress situation understanding of intracultural and intercultural differences

10. Basic emotional kids’ needs positive upbringing of a child and his unconditioned acceptation inducing feeling of being loved, certainty and safety one emotional guide in early childhood need of consciously experiencing of the situations and need of empathy community services, good deed fellow feeling sense of security in anticipation of social support

11. Basic spiritual kids’ needs need of adequate self-concept need of hierarchy of living values family constellation – memory – conscience life story

12. Meeting the needs of children in family and school It is required to respect the principle of hierarchy dependence of satisfying higher level of needs on satisfying of lower level needs. Traditionally school meets the needs of higher level, but kids are not able to learn if the needs from lower level are not satisfied.

13. CHILD FRIENDLY SCHOOLS For prof. Matějček is the most important need of certainty, safety and stability – all these we can find in ‘CHILD FRIENDLY SCHOOLS’ UNICEF project; The aim of this project is the creation of a friendly school environment for all children. The key principles of the project are: inclusive education, democratic participation of children, a supporting environment with the aim of developing the child’s personality and ensuzing an excellent education. The core of the project are the rights of children.

14. Aftermath of insufficient fulfillment of basic needs Split based on intensity: 1.frustration 2.subdeprivation 3.deprivation Expressions in area of emotions, cognitive processes, behavior, communication and social relationship

15. Frustration Intensive short- time or long-time lack of fulfillment with low intensity Leads to suffering and hardship Expressions biological (fatigue, drowsiness) temperament (apathy, passivity, regret, fear, boredom, aggresivity, irritability) self-confidence and self-concept (unbalance, low self- confidence but child is bragging in front of others, non- independent, jealousy, envy, squealing) communication and collaboration (incommunicative, uncooperative, talking back, spoiling the joy, taking part in bullying) cognitive functions((restlessness, lack of interest in learning and cognition, postpone learning)

16. Subdeprivation, Deprivation Is more significant The need is not developed, child lives in environment, where needs are not met (didn’t live in a family, in feeling of certainty, didn’t have mother, …) Institutional care, dysfunctional family – not able to recognize role of missing parent, parents alcoholics, drug addicts, etc. Child don’t know what is he missing, because he don’t know it! Child feels hunger, cold, nostalgia, but don’t know cultural ways how to hush them!!!

17. Thank you for your attention!!! Literature Abraham Maslow, Motivation and Personality (Harper & Row, 1st ed. 1954; 2nd ed. 1970) Full text: http://scholar.google.cz/scholar?q=abraham +maslow&btnG=&hl=cs&as_sdt=0&as_vis= 1 http://scholar.google.cz/scholar?q=abraham +maslow&btnG=&hl=cs&as_sdt=0&as_vis= 1