2. Unit 1 Great Scientists

3. What do you know about great scientists? Try the quiz on P1 and find out who knows the most. Warming up

4. 1.Which scientist discovered that objects in water are lifted up by a force that helps them float? Archimedes (287-212 BC) an ancient Greek mathematician & physicist

5. 2.Who wrote a book explaining how animals and plants developed as the environment changed? Charles Darwin (1808-1882) British author of The Origin of Species

6. 3.Who invented the first steam engine? Thomas Newcomen (1663-1729) British, improved the first steam pump and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it and turned it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.

7. 4.Who used peas to show how physical characteristics are passed from parents to their children? Gregor Mendel (1822-1884) Czech ( 捷克人 )

8. 5.Who discovered radium? Marie Curie (1867-1934) (Polish and French, won two Nobel Prizes)

9. 6.Who invented the way of giving electricity to everybody in large cities? Thomas Edison (1847-1931) an American inventor

10. Thomas Edison The Inventions of Thomas Edison Phonograph 留声机 Lightbulb Motion Pictures

11. 7.Who was the painter that studied dead bodies to improve his painting of people? Last Supper Mona Lisa Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian artist

12. 8.Who invented a lamp to keep miners safe underground? Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829)British Miniature Miner's Safety Lamp

13. 9.Who invented the earliest instrument to tell people where earthquakes happened? Zhang Heng (78-139) Chinese, invented seismograph

14. 10.Who put forward a theory about black holes? Stephen Hawking (1942--) a British astronomer

15. Pre-reading 1. What five most important qualities do you think a scientist should have? Give reasons. careful clever strict patient creative strong-willed honest serious intelligent humorous ambitious generous

16. 2. Do you know John Snow? 3. Do you know what kind of disease is cholera? John Snow is a well-known doctor in the 19th century in London and he defeated “King Cholera”. It is a kind of terrible disease caused by drinking dirty water and it caused a lot of deaths in the old times and it was very difficult to defeat.

17. Let’s get to know how Dr. John Snow defeated “King Cholera” in 1854 in London in this reading passage : John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”

18. Do you know what did this map was used for in 1854? Finding out the cause of Cholera.

19. Who defeats “King Cholera“? What happened in 1854? How many people died in 10 days? Why is there no death at No. 20 and 21 Broad Street as well as at No. 8 and 9 Cambridge Street? John Snow Cholera outbreak hit London. 500 These families had not drunk the water from the Broad Street pump. 1. Skim and Scan

20. 2. Read and answer 1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first? 2 Which theory did John Snow believe in? 3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. Separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t D. Both A and B 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do?

21. 1 Why couldn’t the cholera be under control at first? 2 Which theory did John Snow believe in? Neither its cause, not its cure was understood. People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.

22. 3 John Snow finally proved the theory he believed by ________. A. gathering information with the help of a map B. looking into the source of the water for Broad Street and Cambridge Street C. separating those who suffered cholera from those who didn’t D. both A and B

23. 4 To prevent the cholera from spreading again, what did John Snow do? Suggested that the source of all water supplies be examine. Suggested that new methods of dealing with polluted water be found. Instructed the water companies not to expose people to the polluted water anymore.

24. 3. The passage is written as a report of an experiment and there are 7 steps: (Page1, Pre-reading 2) 1.Find a problem:( 发现问题 )1.Find a problem:( 发现问题 ) 2.Make up a question:( 形成研究主题 )2.Make up a question:( 形成研究主题 ) 3.Think of a method:( 找出研究方法 )3.Think of a method:( 找出研究方法 ) 4.Collect results:( 收集材料 )4.Collect results:( 收集材料 ) 5.Analyse results:( 分析材料 )5.Analyse results:( 分析材料 ) 6.Repeat if necessary:( 必要时重新分析 )6.Repeat if necessary:( 必要时重新分析 ) 7.Draw a conclusion:( 得出结论 )7.Draw a conclusion:( 得出结论 )

25. Mind Map of the text John Snow Defeats “King Cholera” Paragraph 1: Introduction of John Snow and Cholera Paragraph 2: Two theories Find a Problem: What causes the cholera? Make a question: Which is right? Paragraph 3-5: Study of the breakout in 1854

26. Paragraph 3: Study of the breakout in 1854 Think of a method: Test two theories Collect the result: Mark the death Analyse the result: Reason for death and no death Paragraph 4: Study of the breakout in 1854 Paragraph 5-6: Study of the breakout in 1854 Analyse the result: Find the resource of the water Repeat if necessary: Find more evidence. Draw a conclusion: Cholera was spread by germ polluted water carried cholera

27. Paragraph 6: Prevention of Cholera John Snow defeats King Cholera

28. 4.Read the passage again and finish Ex. 1(Page 3). The problem The causeIdea 1: Idea 2: The method Scientific Report by John Snow Nobody knew the cause of the serious disease of cholera a strange cloud of gas found its victims people absorbed the disease with meals Collect information from the cholera outbreak to prove which theory was correct

29. The results Idea 1 or 2? Why? The conclusion He found the cause of cholera was the polluted water Idea 2. Because the information showed that the dirty water carried cholera He defeated cholera by examining the water supply and dealing with the polluted water

30. 5. Read the passage again and fill in the blanks: John Snow was a well-known ______ in London in the ___ century. He wanted to find the ______ of cholera in order to ______ it. In 1854 when a cholera ______ out, he began to gather information. He ______ on a map where all the dead people had lived and he found that many people who had drunk the dirty water from the ______ died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He suggested that the _____ of all water supply be _______ and new methods of ________ with polluted water be found. Finally, “King Cholera” was defeated. doctor 19th cause defeat broke marked pump source examined dealing

31. Discussion Cholera was a 19th century disease. What disease do you think is similar to cholera today? Why?

32. 1.Surf the Internet to find more information about infectious diseases. 2.Read the passage again and find out all the useful words and expressions.