1. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Session 3: Dimensions of Internet Governance Abuse of the Internet ANG Peng Hwa Nanyang Technological University tphang@ntu.edu.sg Internet Governance Organized by UN Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development (UN-APCICT)

2. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda Learning Objectives: The Internet has characteristics that allow it to be used for dark purposes and so users should be aware of these uses. Learning Outcomes: To be aware of the more common abuses of the Internet and the actions that can be taken.

3. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Agenda  What’s Special About the Internet  Internet-related Mischiefs  Child Pornography  Consumer Fraud  Copyright infringement  Defamation  Internet Mischiefs  Spam, scams, phishing,  Cyberbullying, cyberstalking, identity theft  Invasion of privacy

4. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders What’s Special About the Internet  Anonymity  Culture of Anarchy and Lawlessness  John Perry Barlow’s Declaration of Independence for Cyberspace:  "Governments of the Industrial World, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from Cyberspace, the new home of Mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather."  Capability for Networking

5. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Potential for Minorities to Form

6. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Barefooters.org

7. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Harm and Mischief: Child Pornography  Easier to obtain and disseminate child porn  International cooperation to crackdown  Operation Cathedral 1999 and Operation Ore 2002..., Operation Spade 2013  Simultaneous multi-country raids, sharing of information

8. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Harm and Mischief: Consumer Fraud  Liberalising offline laws  Amending licensing auction laws in Singapore and Commonwealth to allow online auction  Battling online consumer fraud, international cooperation  Annual international Internet sweeps of consumer fraud by ICPEN (International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network)

9. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Copyright  Easy to pirate and plagiarise information  Domain names as trademarks? Note that in the USA, many academics are in favour of less restrictive copyright rules

10. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Defamation  Balancing individual ’ s interest in reputation vs culture of freedom to speak on the Internet  Need for immunity provision for third-party content—intermediary liability provision  Global best practice: Website/Forum owner should not be held liable for content posted by others provided the owner acts " reasonably " after being given notice of the defamatory content

11. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Harm and Mischief: Spam, Scams, Malicious Code, Phishing Spam(Unsolicited bulk commercial email)  Wastes bandwidth  Poses security issues—code can be embedded Scams, Malicious Code and Phishing  Phishing:

12. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Harm and Mischief: Cyberbullying, Cyberstalking, ID Theft  Laws being drawn up to address harms resulting from online use  Also to be considered is Internet addiction, which is excessive use of the Internet to the detriment of schoolwork  Korea has a counselling service to address Internet addiction  Revenge porn

13. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Privacy 2 models: 1.EU: privacy is a human right; comprehensive legislation 2.US: privacy is a legal right that can be contracted away; fragmented legislation

14. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Can Anything Be Done : Cyber-community Norms  Netiquette  Customs, norms and rules of conduct  Community-administered sanctions  Isolate, expel norm violators  Should be encouraged by government

15. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Can Anything Be Done: Self-Help  Sydney Olympic Committee 2000 hired Copyright Control Services to patrol the Internet for unauthorised sites disseminating news about the Olympics  Moscow TV6 forced to stop broadcasting over the Internet  Online patrolling has since been done for Olympi c events

16. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: Take one area and recommend changes to the law: 1.Child pornography 2.Consumer fraud 3.Anti-spam 4.Scams, malicious code and phishing 5.Cyberstalking 6.ID theft 7.Copyright 8.Defamation 9.Privacy

17. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Can Anything Be Done: International Law  Ad-hoc cooperation on investigating and prosecuting cybercrimes  Operation Cathedral, International Consumer Sweep  International consensus on cybercrimes  Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime  Dynamic Coalitions at the Internet Governance Forum  A loose grouping of interested stakeholders around a significant issue

18. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Summary  Process of regulation must be transparent, multistakeholder, democratic  4 modes of regulation  Market  Social norms  Architecture  Government regulation (including self-regulation)  Consider best practice  Consult widely

19. Academy of ICT Essentials for Government Leaders Exercise: Changing Internet Rules in Iran  What laws must be changed in order to make the Internet more effective in Iran?  Eg e-commerce, immunity provisions  What laws need to be implemented in order to make the Internet safer?