1. Structure of today’s sessions Objective of today’s working groups discussion: Objective of today’s working groups discussion: Link major issues identified yesterday for further deliberation in the working groups

2. How we proceed today 1. Summary of major issues raised yesterday 2. How we proceed in the working groups

3. Globalization Globalization has become possible through science and technology Globalization has become possible through science and technology Globalization is unstoppable, irreversible Globalization is unstoppable, irreversible Globalization has been unequal, developing countries marginalized Globalization has been unequal, developing countries marginalized We must shape the direction and form it takes: To ensure that globalization serves human interests and is of benefit to all. To ensure that globalization serves human interests and is of benefit to all. Science and technology can harm people if not directed and shaped properly. Science and technology can harm people if not directed and shaped properly.

4. How globalization can serve mankind Address human needs such as Address human needs such as drinking water, drinking water, energy energy epidemics & public health issues, epidemics & public health issues, climate change etc. climate change etc. - i.e. WEHAB from WSSD - i.e. WEHAB from WSSD

5. Human needs Examples from Thailand Examples from Thailand Simple and sophisticated technologies can be used to address needs of people Simple and sophisticated technologies can be used to address needs of people To ensure serving people, think of : To ensure serving people, think of : ethics ethics Laws and regulations Laws and regulations Prioritization of issues e.g. choice of technology, local relevance, obsoleteness Prioritization of issues e.g. choice of technology, local relevance, obsoleteness Economic justification Economic justification

6. Globalization has been unequal Market has been globalized Market has been globalized Environment and people have been out of globalization Environment and people have been out of globalization Science has been globalized Science has been globalized Barriers to technology transfer Barriers to technology transfer Current models of technology transfer and international assistance are not working as well as many would have hoped Current models of technology transfer and international assistance are not working as well as many would have hoped Problems: biotechnological underdevelopment are trans-religious, trans-cultural and cut across the barriers of religion, language, color, gender or creed … need common solutions? One size fits all? Problems: biotechnological underdevelopment are trans-religious, trans-cultural and cut across the barriers of religion, language, color, gender or creed … need common solutions? One size fits all? Traditional knowledge? Traditional knowledge?

7. How to bridge these inequities Have a more inclusive view of science and technology Have a more inclusive view of science and technology Connect science to Millennium Development Goals Connect science to Millennium Development Goals Society should be central in shaping the direction of S&T Society should be central in shaping the direction of S&T Science for policy and policy for science Science for policy and policy for science Policy is the major determinant in tackling poverty not technology Policy is the major determinant in tackling poverty not technology

8. The way forward Empowering people Empowering people Empowering countries Empowering countries

9. Empowering people Access to knowledge Access to knowledge Ability to use / employ their knowledge effectively (do something about the brain drain) Ability to use / employ their knowledge effectively (do something about the brain drain) Evaluate current practices and propose a comprehensive overhaul of the approach to capacity building for science and technology Evaluate current practices and propose a comprehensive overhaul of the approach to capacity building for science and technology Multidisciplinary? Multisectoral? approach Multidisciplinary? Multisectoral? approach

10. Empowering countries Formulation of appropriate policies; training of policy makers Formulation of appropriate policies; training of policy makers Create a critical mass of scientists Create a critical mass of scientists Investment/funding in science and technology Investment/funding in science and technology Create well-functioning and inclusive education system Create well-functioning and inclusive education system Facilitate global knowledge exchange Facilitate global knowledge exchange Strengthen linkages between institutions of higher education Strengthen linkages between institutions of higher education Strengthen industry, government and private research institutes linkage Strengthen industry, government and private research institutes linkage

11. Empowering countries Formation of a holistic national innovation network Formation of a holistic national innovation network Develop effective and replicable capacity-building strategies Develop effective and replicable capacity-building strategies Scientific and technological capacity specifically targeted to addressing regional challenges Scientific and technological capacity specifically targeted to addressing regional challenges Promote both South-South and North-South collaboration Promote both South-South and North-South collaboration Utilize the talents of female researchers and scientists Utilize the talents of female researchers and scientists

12. Areas of action Common actions to tackle common problems Common actions to tackle common problems Effective collaboration and cooperation among organizations and people Effective collaboration and cooperation among organizations and people Link national strategies with global development goals e.g. MDGs Link national strategies with global development goals e.g. MDGs Ownership as a principle in international cooperation Ownership as a principle in international cooperation Priority areas? E.g. ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, material science etc. Priority areas? E.g. ICT, biotechnology, nanotechnology, material science etc.

13. Example of Japan A nation, poor in natural resources, that has built its economy on science and technology A nation, poor in natural resources, that has built its economy on science and technology Government commitment and heavy investment in science and technology Government commitment and heavy investment in science and technology Cooperation with neighboring countries on science and technology is a strategic objective in Japanese government planning Cooperation with neighboring countries on science and technology is a strategic objective in Japanese government planning Two examples of cooperation: Two examples of cooperation: Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology STS forum STS forum

14. How we proceed in the working groups

15. General Guidelines Rapporteurs have been assigned to every working group to assist the chair person in preparing a report on the conclusion. Rapporteurs have been assigned to every working group to assist the chair person in preparing a report on the conclusion. Each working group will have two sessions: two hours in the morning (11:00-13:00), and an hour and half (14:30-16:00) in the afternoon of 24th August. In total, each working group will have three hours and half for its deliberations. Each working group will have two sessions: two hours in the morning (11:00-13:00), and an hour and half (14:30-16:00) in the afternoon of 24th August. In total, each working group will have three hours and half for its deliberations.

16. General Guidelines Each working group has a designated chair person, two rapporteurs, and in principle three invited speakers. Each working group has a designated chair person, two rapporteurs, and in principle three invited speakers. Invited speakers are expected to speak for about 20 minutes each in the morning of August 24th. After their presentations, the discussion starts in the morning session (about 1 hour), leading to a conclusion in the afternoon session Invited speakers are expected to speak for about 20 minutes each in the morning of August 24th. After their presentations, the discussion starts in the morning session (about 1 hour), leading to a conclusion in the afternoon session

17. General Guidelines The session in the afternoon of August 24 (1.5 hours) is dedicated to questions and answers, discussion, and drafting of conclusions The session in the afternoon of August 24 (1.5 hours) is dedicated to questions and answers, discussion, and drafting of conclusions Each chairman is expected, with the help of the rapporteurs, to submit to the plenary at 16:30 on the 24th August, a short report that could be elaborated for the planned publication of the conference. Each chairman is expected, with the help of the rapporteurs, to submit to the plenary at 16:30 on the 24th August, a short report that could be elaborated for the planned publication of the conference.

18. General Guidelines The report should highlight 1. The main points of discussion 2. Specific trends 3. Challenges and opportunities 4. The role of UN system, in particular that of UNU and UNESCO 5. Specific proposals for future actions