1. RTI, Jammu1 Employee Training and Career Development Presentation by: RTI, Jammu

2. 2 Session Overview Why is training important? What is the purpose of training? What are principles of training? What are different methods for training employees How to determine training needs? How to verify effectiveness of training

3. RTI, Jammu3 Learning Objective By the end of the session, the learner will be able to state the need for employee training as also the different methods of training individuals. In addition he will be able to state the various stages of career development.

4. RTI, Jammu4 Basic Concepts Training is a learning experience It seeks a relatively permanent change in an individual that will improve his ability to perform on the job. Training can involve the changing of skills, knowledge, attitudes, or social behaviour.

5. RTI, Jammu5 Basic purposes of training To increase productivity To improve quality To help an organization fulfill its future personnel needs To improve Organizational climate To improve Health and Safety Obsolescence prevention

6. RTI, Jammu6 Principles of training A training programme should be prepared with due thought and care and it should serve the purposes of the organization as well as the needs of the employees. Trainees tend to be most responsive to training programmes when they feel the need to learn. Learning is more effective when there is reinforcement in the form of rewards and punishments.

7. RTI, Jammu7 Training and learning Training is an organized procedure by which people learn knowledge and acquire the skills they need for a definite purpose.. Training is rooted in the learning process; and learning is that human process by which skills, knowledge, habits and attitudes are acquired and utilized in such a way that behaviour is modified. Training causes learning, a process that takes place within the trainee.

8. RTI, Jammu8 Theories of learning Two major theories: 1.Cognitive view 2.Environmental perspective Social-learning theory- a blend of both.This theory acknowledges that we can learn by observing what happens to other people. Role of models

9. RTI, Jammu9 Role of Models Attention process; Retention process; Motor reproduction process;

10. RTI, Jammu10 Principles of learning Learning is enhanced when the learner is motivated. Learning requires feedback Reinforcement increases the likelihood that a learned behaviour will be repeated

11. RTI, Jammu11 Principles of learning Practice increases a learner’s performance Learning begins rapidly, then plateaus. Learning must be transferable to the job.

12. RTI, Jammu12 How to determine training needs? Management to answer following four questions: (1) What are the organization’s goals? (2) What tasks must be completed to achieve these goals? (3) What behaviors are necessary for each job incumbent to complete his assigned tasks?

13. RTI, Jammu13 How to determine training needs? (4) What deficiencies, if any, do incumbents have in the skills, knowledge, or attitudes required to perform the necessary behaviors?

14. RTI, Jammu14 Training methods On the job Off the job

15. RTI, Jammu15 On-the job training Learning by doing Most common method “Apprenticeship programme” Drawbacks: 1. Low productivity 2.Errors made by trainees while learning

16. RTI, Jammu16 Off the job training Class room lectures Films Simulation exercises a)Case studies b)Experimental exercises c)Complex computer modeling d)Vestibule training

17. RTI, Jammu17 How to evaluate effectiveness of training? Test-retest method Pre-post performance method Experimental control method

18. RTI, Jammu18 Methods for developing managers On the job development Coaching Under-study assignments Job rotation

19. RTI, Jammu19 Methods for developing managers Off the job development Formal lecture courses Simulation exercises Simulated decision games Role play

20. RTI, Jammu20 Career Development Career can be defined as a sequence of positions occupied by a person during the course of a lifetime. Concept as relevant to unskilled workers as it is to engineers or doctors. The word career does not imply advancement, success or failure. An organization must have an effective career development programme so that its effectiveness in managing its human resources increases

21. RTI, Jammu21 Effective career development programme Assures that needed talent will be available. Improves the organisation’s ability to attract and retain high talented personnel. Reduces employee frustration

22. RTI, Jammu22 Career stages Exploration Establishment Mid-career Late-career Decline

23. RTI, Jammu23 What should organizations do for effective career development ? Challenging initial jobs Dissemination of career option information Career counseling Continuing education and training Periodic job changes Sabbaticals

24. RTI, Jammu24 What should individuals do for their career development? Engage in self assessment by adopting following three-step approach: 1. 1. Identify and organize your skills, interests, work-related needs, and values. 2. 2. Convert these inventories into general career fields and specific job goals. 3.Test these possibilities against the realities of the organization