1. Nanosilver Silver Bullet to Cure HIV
The Dragoons
Eaton Fong
Kushal Agarwal
Mahon Khoshzaban
Prachet Bhatt
Preksha Naik
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2. HIV Virus identified about 25 years ago
Originated from infected chimpanzees
HIV causes AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
HIV destroys healthy T-cells
High genetic variability causes fast replication cycles
Immune system fails, leads to life-threatening infections
~25 million people have died of HIV/AIDS
~40 million people are living with HIV
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3. HIV and its Attack on T-Cells
Virus attaches to healthy T-cell
Structure of HIV
Virus injects its core
gp120 tentacles attach to T-cells and destroy it
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4. Structure of HIV gp120 tentacles attach to T-cells and destroy it
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5. HIV’s Attack on T-Cells1 2 3
Virus attaches to healthy T-cell
Virus injects its core
(RNA and reverse transcriptase)
Virus uses T-cell for replication
Blocked
With Nanosilver
Nanosilver attaches to gp120 and
blocks virus from attacking T-cell
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6. HIV’s Attack on T-Cells1 2
HIV
T-cell
Virus attaches to healthy T-cell 3
HIV
T-cell
Virus injects its core (RNA and reverse transcriptase)
HIV
T-cell
Virus uses T-cell for replication
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7. Silver Nano-particle Blocks the HIV Attack on T-Cell
Nanosilver attaches to the gp120 and blocks virus from attacking the T-cell Ag
Attack blocked
gp120 Ag
gp120
HIV
T-cell
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8. Properties of Nanosilver
Antibiotic and antibacterial properties
Destroys the enzyme needed for metabolism
Effective against virus, bacteria and fungi
Better than other antibiotics since the microbes do not develop resistance
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9. Nanosilver and HIV Nanosilver can kill the HIV
Shown by Prof. Yacaman of the University of Texas
They incubated HIV-1 virus with nanosilver at 37oC and after 3 hours, all the HIV cells died
How does the nanosilver kill the HIV
The nano silver particles bond through the gp120 glycoprotein knobs on HIV-1 by reacting with the sulfur residues on the walls
The particle size of the nanosilver has to match the ~10 nm size of the gp120 glyco-protein knobs of HIV
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10. Nanosilver Manufacturing Current Methods & Limitations
Several methods described in scientific literature
Locally heating dilute silver nitrate using laser to create a localized reaction
Heating a dilute solution of silver chloride with glucose as the reducing agent
Mixing silver nanoparticles with capping agents like foamy carbon
Limitations of current methods to manufacture
High cost
Lab-scale only, not large scale manufacturing
Use of toxic or poisonous chemistry
Uncontrolled or large particle size
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11. The Problem
What
Create uniform ~10 nm sized silver nano-particles using a controlled, low-cost and scalable method
Why
~10 nm silver particles have been proven to destroy the HIV-1 by binding to the sulfur residues on the gp120 glyco-protein knobs on the HIV
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12. The Solution A novel solution
Utilizes well known science and existing technologies
Inkjet technology to generate liquid droplets of dilute silver chloride
Low-cost, controlled and scalable
Heated glucose for the reducing reaction to create ~10 nm silver nano-particles
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13. Our Method CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO+2AgCl+H2O  CH2OH-(CHOH)4-COOH+2HCl (gas)+2Ag
1. Moving substrate coated with glucose to form and collect nanosilver
5. Brush and collect the nanosilver off the substrate
4. Nanosilver formed by the many localized reducing reactions between silver chloride droplets and heated glucose
2. Controlled 1ng droplet spray of dilute 1 ppm silver chloride using an inkjet device
3. ~200C heat to cause the reducing reaction to form silver from silver chloride
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