2. v IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation Innovation driven Grid Computing and Infrastructure solutions Stephen Chu, Executive of Infrastructure Solutions, System and Technology Group, IBM Greater China Group March 23, 2007

3. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 2 2 1.Grid Computing & Infrastructure Solution Overview 2.Application Examples 3.Cell Broadband Engine Technology 4.HPC Direction

4. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 3 3 Grid Computing & Infrastructure Solution Overview

5. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 4 4 GRID Computing intend to address many applications

6. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 5 5 Infrastructure Solution to address HPC customer requirement  Systems –Servers, blades, clusters, workstations POWER, Intel, AMD Opteron Linux, Unix, Windows High performance interconnects –Special-purpose systems and accelerators Blue Gene, Cell Gov’t & research partnerships (e.g., ASC, Roadrunner) –Storage systems and virtualization  Software & Tools –System & data management (e.g., CSM, GPFS) –Compilers, schedulers, libraries, tools –Grid & on demand middleware  Solutions & Services –Deep Computing Capacity on Demand –Deep Computing Visualization –Industry-specific solutions –Engineering & technology services –IBM Global Financing High Performance Switch P5 575 BladeCenter IntelliStation Clusters (1350) Blue Gene

7. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 6 6 Clusters / Virtualization e326 High Density Rack Mount Large SMP Scale Up / SMP Computing x336 P5 590/595 High Performance Switch BladeCenter HS20/JS20/LS20 Linux Cluster (1350) AIX Clusters (1600) P5 575 Scale Out / Distributed Computing IntelliStation Server System Product Portfolio

8. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 7 7 Source: www.top500.org Semiannual independent ranking of top 500 supercomputers in the world “IBM remains the dominant vendor of supercomputers with almost half of the list carrying its label. “ IBM Supercomputing Leadership

9. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 8 8 Application Examples

10. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 9 9 Blue Brain The first objective of the Blue Brain is to create a cellular level, software replica of the Neocortical Column for real- time simulations. Blue Brain will search for: New insights into how human beings think and remember. How specific defects in our circuitry may contribute to autism, schizophrenia and Parkinson's. With Blue Brain, research that used to require several years of lab work can be done in a matter of days or minutes – using Blue Gene. A project of Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.

11. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 10 ASTRON LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) digitizes 10-240 MHz signals from an array of simple omni- directional antennas and processes the data on a central computer system to emulate a conventional dish antenna STELLA (Supercomputing TEchnology for Linked Lofar Applications) uses 6144 dual-CPU compute nodes of eServer Blue Gene® providing 27.45 Tflops/sec  Blue Gene enables LOFAR to provide higher resolution and sensitivity than any other low-frequency radio telescope.  Digital techniques provide extreme agility in frequency and pointing.  Multi-beaming capability allows simultaneous, full-sensitivity observations in widely separated directions.  High-bandwidth, fiber-optic network handles terabits/second.  Data buffers provide powerful, multi-steradian look-back capability.

12. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 11 Access Data Build Visual Representations Render Manage Interactions TabularMulti-mediaNetSensorsUnstructured text High-end, immersiveWorkstationRemote, thin clients Visualization This is some text Scientific IBM Deep Computing Visualization graphics Transforming data into insight  Graphics for high end and remote applications  Optimal price/performance  Leverages cluster trends and aggressive gains of commodity graphics and networks  Targeted at key HPC markets including Petroleum, Auto/Aero, Government, Life Sciences, Digital Media

13. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 12 Deep Computing Capacity on Demand In-house HPC Infrastructure Virtual Private Network Scale up/down by tapping into IBM hosted HPC capacity in a security-rich environment to help satisfy peak or long term demand and avoid data center upgrade. Variable Capacity Variable Cost Fixed Capacity Fixed Cost IBM POWER London, England Poughkeepsie, NY Rochester, MN > 3,200 Servers > 14,700 CPUs > 24TB Storage

14. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 13 Cell Broadband Engine Technology

15. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 14 Copper in 2000 & Dual core in 2003 GX+ Chip-Chip MCM-MCM SMPLink Memory L3 1.9 MB L2 Cache L3 Dir / Ctl Mem Ctl POWER5 Core POWER5 Core Enhanced distributed switch POWER5 design POWER5 enhancements 1.5, 1.65 and 1.9 GHz 276M transistors.13 micron

16. v IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation BlueGene® 2.8/5.6 GF/s 4 MB 2 processors 2 chips, 1x2x1 5.6/11.2 GF/s 1.0 GB (32 chips 4x4x2) 16 compute, 0-2 IO cards 90/180 GF/s 16 GB 32 Node Cards 2.8/5.6 TF/s 512 GB 64 Racks, 64x32x32 180/360 TF/s 32 TB Rack System Node Card Compute Card Chip  3 in Top10 (#1 and #2)  7 in Top50 (11-50)  9 in Top100 (51-100)  19 in Top500 www.top500.org

17. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 16 Blade Center

18. HPC technology trend

19. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 18 In 2006, IBM build 1st commercial 9 core chip Cell Broadband Engine – 235mm 2

20. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 19 Cell BE: Revolutionizing the digital experience  Five-year collaboration with Sony, Toshiba  Gaming provides a roadmap for visual, interactive, and collaborative methods  200 Gigaflop peak (@ 3.2 GHz, single precision)  221 mm 2 in 90nm SOI technology  Significant cost performance advantages compared to Intel/AMD for key applications including digital media, entertainment, communication, graphics, and HPC  Application areas may include: –Digital Media –Rich Media Mining –Financial Services/Analysis –Seismic –Life Sciences, Drug Simulation –Computational mathematics –Virtual worlds –Real time computing ApplicationsKey algorithms Video SurveillanceBackground filtering Motion tracking On-line GameSoftbody physics Compositional models Collision detection HTTP Processing SSL encoding SSL decoding 3-D renderingRay casting

21. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 20 Hybrid Cluster System Architecture Commodity Server Commodity Server Commodity Server Accelerator I/O Bus Accelerator I/O Bus Accelerator I/O Bus Accelerator I/O Bus Accelerator I/O Bus Accelerator I/O Bus Cluster Network 20

22. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 21 Multi-Core Acceleration Capability: Cell Broadband Engine™ Cell Broadband Engine  “Supercomputer & Network on a Chip”  1 PPE + 8 Synergistic Processing Elements (SPE) cores –simple PPU micro-architecture –8 SPU SIMD engines provide tremendous compute power -25.6 SP GFlops per SPU  Element Interconnect Bus (EIB) for intra-BE and external communications –204.8GB/s peak bandwidth –25.6GB/s memory b/w –35GB/s (out)+25GB/s (in) IO  provides more than 8x compute capability than traditional processors

23. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 22 Cell Performance Advantage  BE’s performance is about an order of magnitude better than traditional GPPs for media and other applications that can take advantage of its SIMD capability –BE can outperform a P4/SSE2 at same clock rate by 3 to 18x (assuming linear scaling) in various types of application workloads  SCEI demonstrated capability of 12 parallel HDTV decoding and 1000 parallel thumbnail decodings

24. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 23 IBM BladeCenter QS20 - Overview InfiniBand 4X DRAM IB Daughter Card IB 4x Conn IB 4x Conn 1Gb EN PHY Rambus XDR DRAM 512MB Cell BE Processor South Bridge 4 USB; Serial, etc Rambus XDR DRAM 512MB Cell BE Processor South Bridge 4 USB; Serial, etc 1Gb EN PHY 1Gb Ethernet HDD PCI Express 4x Flash, RTC & NVRAM Flash PCI - ATA PCI ATA  Core electronics  Dual 3.2GHz Cell BE Processor Configuration  1GB XDRAM (512MB per processor)  Blade-mounted 40GB IDE HDD  Dual Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) controllers  Double-wide blade (uses 2 BladeCenter slots)  Infiniband 4x channel adapters (optional)  BC Chassis Configuration  Standard IBM BladeCenter One  Max. 7 QS20 per chassis  2 Gigabit Ethernet switches  External IB switches required for IB option Note: Intermixing Cell Blades with other blades in same chassis is not supported InfiniBand 4X DRAM IB Daughter Card IB 4x Conn IB 4x Conn OPTIONAL

25. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 24 Revolutionary Hybrid Supercomputer at Los Alamos National Laboratory Will Harness Cell BE Chips and AMD Opteron™ Processor Technology IBM to Build World's First Cell Broadband Engine™ Based Supercomputer Infiniband Cluster Interconnect x86 Linux Master Cluster AMD Opteron™ System x3755 Cell BE Accelerator Linux Cluster 8000+ Blades

26. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 25 HPC Directions

27. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 26  Petaflop systems with ultra scalability  Hybrid architectures  System level accelerators  Mature software stack  Rich application infrastructure HPC Conceptual Roadmap Blue Gene/LBlue Gene/PBlue Gene/Q POWER5 POWER6POWER7 Linux Clusters / AMD/Intel ProcessorsCell BE-Based Accelerators

28. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 27 Ultrascalability  Ultrascalability is a reality. –And better than people – including us – thought.  Performance  Cost / Performance  Power efficiency  Ease of use  Ease of porting  Applicability to a large (and growing) class of applications

29. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 28 The New Economics of IT: A Paradigm Shift

30. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 29 Accelerators and Special Purpose HW Special Purpose HW General Purpose Systems Programmability  Generality  Flexibility  MPEG chips Crypto chips …. DSPs FPGAs Game Processors UNIX / Linux SMP Clusters Commodit y Linux Clusters Blue Gene Accelerator boards (e.g. Clearspeed) Cell Blade clusters Hybrid systems Special Purpose HW advantages Cost / performance Performance / Watt Performance / sq mm

31. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 30 IBM HPC Directions Solving Mission-Critical, Compute and Data Intensive Problems More Quickly at Lower Cost, for Strategic Value  Enhance and evolve POWER, cluster and blade roadmaps, HPC software portfolio  Increase means of accessing supercomputing with on demand capabilities  Exploit Cell processor-based solutions, multi- core, accelerators, hybrid architectures  Attain ultra-scalability & performance  Research and overcome obstacles to parallelism and other revolutionary approaches to supercomputing  Expanded portfolio of industry solutions  Supercomputing leadership (Top500)  Collaborative projects and communities (e.g., power.org, BG consortium)

32. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 31 Thank You

33. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 32 This document was developed for IBM offerings in the United States as of the date of publication. IBM may not make these offerings available in other countries, and the information is subject to change without notice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the IBM offerings available in your area. Information in this document concerning non-IBM products was obtained from the suppliers of these products or other public sources. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products. IBM may have patents or pending patent applications covering subject matter in this document. The furnishing of this document does not give you any license to these patents. Send license inquires, in writing, to IBM Director of Licensing, IBM Corporation, New Castle Drive, Armonk, NY 10504-1785 USA. All statements regarding IBM future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only. The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is provided "AS IS" with no warranties or guarantees either expressed or implied. All examples cited or described in this document are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some IBM products can be used and the results that may be achieved. Actual environmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual client configurations and conditions. IBM Global Financing offerings are provided through IBM Credit Corporation in the United States and other IBM subsidiaries and divisions worldwide to qualified commercial and government clients. Rates are based on a client's credit rating, financing terms, offering type, equipment type and options, and may vary by country. Other restrictions may apply. Rates and offerings are subject to change, extension or withdrawal without notice. IBM is not responsible for printing errors in this document that result in pricing or information inaccuracies. All prices shown are IBM's United States suggested list prices and are subject to change without notice; reseller prices may vary. IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply. Many of the features described in this document are operating system dependent and may not be available on Linux. For more information, please check: http://www.ibm.com/systems/p/software/whitepapers/linux_overview.html Any performance data contained in this document was determined in a controlled environment. Actual results may vary significantly and are dependent on many factors including system hardware configuration and software design and configuration. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been made on development-level systems. There is no guarantee these measurements will be the same on generally- available systems. Some measurements quoted in this document may have been estimated through extrapolation. Users of this document should verify the applicable data for their specific environment. Revised January 19, 2006 Special Notices

34. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 33 The following terms are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: AIX, AIX/L, AIX/L(logo), alphaWorks, AS/400, BladeCenter, Blue Gene, Blue Lightning, C Set++, CICS, CICS/6000, ClusterProven, CT/2, DataHub, DataJoiner, DB2, DEEP BLUE, developerWorks, DirectTalk, Domino, DYNIX, DYNIX/ptx, e business(logo), e(logo)business, e(logo)server, Enterprise Storage Server, ESCON, FlashCopy, GDDM, i5/OS, IBM, IBM(logo), ibm.com, IBM Business Partner (logo), Informix, IntelliStation, IQ-Link, LANStreamer, LoadLeveler, Lotus, Lotus Notes, Lotusphere, Magstar, MediaStreamer, Micro Channel, MQSeries, Net.Data, Netfinity, NetView, Network Station, Notes, NUMA-Q, Operating System/2, Operating System/400, OS/2, OS/390, OS/400, Parallel Sysplex, PartnerLink, PartnerWorld, Passport Advantage, POWERparallel, Power PC 603, Power PC 604, PowerPC, PowerPC(logo), Predictive Failure Analysis, pSeries, PTX, ptx/ADMIN, RETAIN, RISC System/6000, RS/6000, RT Personal Computer, S/390, Scalable POWERparallel Systems, SecureWay, Sequent, ServerProven, SpaceBall, System/390, The Engines of e-business, THINK, Tivoli, Tivoli(logo), Tivoli Management Environment, Tivoli Ready(logo), TME, TotalStorage, TURBOWAYS, VisualAge, WebSphere, xSeries, z/OS, zSeries. The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: Advanced Micro-Partitioning, AIX 5L, AIX PVMe, AS/400e, Chipkill, Chiphopper, Cloudscape, DB2 OLAP Server, DB2 Universal Database, DFDSM, DFSORT, DS4000, DS6000, DS8000, e-business(logo), e-business on demand, eServer, Express Middleware, Express Portfolio, Express Servers, Express Servers and Storage, GigaProcessor, HACMP, HACMP/6000, IBM TotalStorage Proven, IBMLink, IMS, Intelligent Miner, iSeries, Micro-Partitioning, NUMACenter, On Demand Business logo, OpenPower, POWER, Power Architecture, Power Everywhere, Power Family, Power PC, PowerPC Architecture, PowerPC 603, PowerPC 603e, PowerPC 604, PowerPC 750, POWER2, POWER2 Architecture, POWER3, POWER4, POWER4+, POWER5, POWER5+, POWER6, POWER6+, Redbooks, Sequent (logo), SequentLINK, Server Advantage, ServeRAID, Service Director, SmoothStart, SP, System i, System i5, System p, System p5, System Storage, System z, System z9, S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server, Tivoli Enterprise, TME 10, TotalStorage Proven, Ultramedia, VideoCharger, Virtualization Engine, Visualization Data Explorer, X-Architecture, z/Architecture, z/9. A full list of U.S. trademarks owned by IBM may be found at: http://www.ibm.com/legal/copytrade.shtml. Revised April 27, 2006 Special Notices (Cont.)

35. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 34 Cell Broadband Engine is a trademark of Sony Computer Entertainment, Inc. Rambus is a registered trademark of Rambus, Inc. XDR is a trademark of Rambus, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States, other countries or both. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries or both. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT and the Windows logo are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States, other countries or both. Intel, Intel Xeon, Itanium and Pentium are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. AMD Opteron is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and/or other countries. TPC-C and TPC-H are trademarks of the Transaction Performance Processing Council (TPPC). SPECint, SPECfp, SPECjbb, SPECweb, SPECjAppServer, SPEC OMP, SPECviewperf, SPECapc, SPEChpc, SPECjvm, SPECmail, SPECimap and SPECsfs are trademarks of the Standard Performance Evaluation Corp (SPEC). NetBench is a registered trademark of Ziff Davis Media in the United States, other countries or both. AltiVec is a trademark of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Other company, product and service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. Revised April 27, 2006 Special Notices (Cont.)

36. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 35 Backup

37. IBM Systems and Technology Group © 2006 IBM Corporation STG Systems Performance © 2006 IBM Corporation 36 High Performance Computing Industry  Government and academia - research, classified and defense workloads  Environmental sciences - weather and climate modeling  Petroleum exploration and production - seismic processing, reservoir simulation  Automotive and aerospace computer-aided engineering - crash analysis, structural analysis, computational fluid dynamics, design optimization  Life sciences - drug discovery, genomics, proteomics, quantum chemistry, structure based design, molecular dynamics  Electronics - design verification and simulation, auto test pattern generation, design rule checking, mask generation, optical proximity correction  Financial services - Monte Carlo simulations, portfolio and wealth management, risk management, compliance  Digital media - animation, special effects, rendering, online games, digital security and surveillance, content creation and management  Business intelligence - data mining, data warehousing, decision support  … and more …