1. P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Lubrication

2. What is Friction Friction - resistance to movement between two objectsP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Friction - resistance to movement between two objects
amount of friction depends on the following, material, surface finish, amount of pressure holding the two together, how fast they move

3. What is Friction friction generates heatP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
friction generates heat
dry friction - both parts clean and free of other materials
wet friction - parts have another material placed between them such as oil

4. Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
friction - sliding friction - two smooth surfaces sliding against each other
half speed bearing - turbos
anti friction - rolling friction - uses balls or rollers or small needles between the moving parts

5. Bearing construction P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
ball roller needle

6. 4 Jobs of Oil Cleans - Cools - Seals - Lubricates - P H S A U T O M IV E
ALS
Cleans - Cools - Seals - Lubricates -

7. Bearing Clearance P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Oil is pumped to the bearing and separates the parts. It allows the parts to turn without touching each other. When parts touch they will be destroyed.
bearing clearance average about .002

8. How to lubricate a engineP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
engines lubricated three ways for a 4-stroke engine
Full pressure
Splash
Combination - splash and pressure - most common in automotive applications

9. Full pressure P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
bearings are oiled by pumping oil to the bearings, sometimes the oil is dripped on or is squirted on to parts

10. Splash P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
use of dippers on connecting rods to splash oil around (one cylinder engines) or dripping oil on the engine parts

11. Combination both systems used - splash and pressure -V E
ALS
both systems used - splash and pressure -
other methods two cycles mix gas and oil could be premix or a oil injection system

12. Oil galleries and linesP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Oil gallery - oil supply line in engine
oil is carried through the engine by these lines
some rods are drilled full lengths some have squirt holes

13. Oil filters P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS

14. Oil filters most common materials paper and cotton wasteH S A U T O M I V E
ALS
most common materials paper and cotton waste
canister - old style
spin on

15. Filtering Systems two types of filtering systemsH S A U T O M I V E
ALS
two types of filtering systems
full flow, all oil is filtered before going to bearings, filter has relief valve in case of plugged filter
bypass filter, part of oil is being filter at all times but not before it is going to the bearings

16. Oil pumps gear, rotary, vane and plunger most common automotive engineH S A U T O M I V E
ALS
gear, rotary, vane and plunger
most common automotive engine
gear and rotary

17. Gear P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
two gears mesh together forcing oil out

18. Rotary inner rotor and outer rotor 4 points fit inside 5 points P H SM I V E
ALS
inner rotor and outer rotor 4 points fit inside 5 points

19. Vane P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
used as pump in some automatic transmissions(this one, a vane pump out of a air wrench)

20. Plunger P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
used a lot in one cylinder engines

21. Pick up tube and screen P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS

22. Pressure Relief Valve P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
when oil pump develops too much pressure the Pressure Relief valve will open and allows to return to sump by changing spring tension pressure can be raised or lowered

23. Oil sludge P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Black thick Goo mixture of water oil dirt usually formed in engines never reaching operating temperature - thermostat taken out or to many short trips formation of a white sludge - caused by, cold weather, short trips, too much water

24. Varnish or lacquer P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
usually known as engine varnish is formed from an engine running at hot temperature for extended periods - the heat causes the oil to break down and a varnish is created on valve covers and other parts to avoid varnish deposits use good clean oil and change regularly
Light brown coating
is Varnish

25. Additives in oil detergent - prevent sludge and varnish depositsM I V E
ALS
detergent - prevent sludge and varnish deposits
foam inhibitors - prevent oil from foaming oxidation inhibitors - prevent oil oxidation at high speed

26. Additives in oil corrosion rust inhibitors - helps prevent theseM I V E
ALS
corrosion rust inhibitors - helps prevent these
anti wear additives - coat metal surfaces with a strong slippery film moly graphite

27. crankcase ventilationP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
draft tube
positive crankcase ventilation

28. open - draft tube P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Older engines use a draft tube to vent the crankcase. It is just a vent with a filter in it. Uses a Breather cap to allow air in.

29. PCV - positive crankcaseH S A U T O M I V E
ALS
open - breather cap
closed goes from air cleaner to valve cover

30. wet and dry sump systemsH S A U T O M I V E
ALS

31. windage tray P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Bolt to bottom of engine prevent oil from foaming due to crankshaft rotation.

32. Oil viscosity P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
thickness or fluidity of the oil, oil's ability to resist flow
classified as a number such as 10,20,30,40
multi grade or multi viscosity 5w-30, 10w-30

33. service ratings go through handoutP H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Go to this web site and read the classifications

34. how often should oil be changed,filter?P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
1, ,500 average
About every 3, ,000 miles recommended
depends on length of operation, temperature of air and car. Condition of all filters - air, oil gas -, PCV valve, driving conditions, paved roads, and dust or dirt in the air.

35. what kind of oil should I buy ???P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS

36. What kind of filter should I buy ????P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
Some companies spent a lot of money on advertising and very little on filters, some just build good filters. Your choose, cut some apart and look for yourself.

37. The End P H S A U T O M I V E
ALS
What’s wrong