2. Welcome to Biology With Mr. Deveney
Monday 8/27
PLEASE DO NOW
Pick up papers and Folders, on the far board think of one word that you associate with Science

3. Today’s Class Introduction to the Scientific Journal
The Three Goals of Science
Prefixes and Suffixes the Language of Biology
Use Prefixes and Suffixes to define unfamiliar Words

4. Goals of Science Analyze the natural world
The natural world is all things not created by humans
Engineering is the study of man-made devices
Science and Engineering are closely related by the methods which they are studied
To collect and organize data
Propose explanations that can be tested
The Scientific Method was Created to explain this

5. Branches of Biology Mycology- fungi Ecology- environment
Physiology- function of living things
Taxonomy- classification of living things
Bryology- moss
Microbiology- small living things
Ornithology- birds
Anatomy- structure of living things
Graminology- grasses
Genetics- heredity
Ichthyology- fish
Entomology- insects
Zoology- animals
Herpetology- reptiles
Cytology- cells
Botany- plants

7. Hypothesis
A prediction about the results of the experiment based on the independent variable. What you expect to happen based on observations

8. Independent Variable
The variable that is purposefully changed by the experimenter. (What is different about each group)

9. Dependent Variable
The response (effect or results) of the independent variable. (How you are measuring what is different)

10. Controlled Variables
All factors that remain the same

11. Example Experiment
In the early 1660s the Theory of "Spontaneous Generation" prevailed. Spontaneous Generation, means that people believed that living things came from non-living things. For example, many people noticed that around butcher shops there were often a lot of flies. So naturally, people thought that flies come from the meat. However, a scientist name Francesco Redi thought otherwise. He designed the experiment described below. He placed meat in three different jars that were the same shape and size and left the jars on his balcony. One jar he covered with paper (making a lid), allowing no air to get it, one jar he covered with gauze (like plastic wrap), which allowed air to get in, but kept other things out, and in another jar he left open.

12. Results

13. Results
He noticed that the jar that he left open had flies in the jar and all over meat. The jar was paper had no flies in the jar or on the paper. The jar with the gauze had no flies in the jar, but maggots (baby flies) on the gauze.
What can we conclude about Francesco’s hypothesis

14. Confounding Factors
An unaccounted for factor in the experiment. (Sources of error

15. Control
The standard for comparing experimental effects. The part of the experiment where the independent variable is removed.

16. Repeated Trials
Experimental repetitions (can be objects, tests or # of organisms)

17. Notebook for August 29
Pick up yesterday’s folder, have your class materials out, turn in Parental Contact
Reflect on what we did yesterday in class (what was the main point, what questions do you have, something your learned)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (define and analyze the Characteristics of Life) and write examples of traits all living things have in common

18. Spongbob Science
Get back together with your groups and go to the station you were working on last.
Finish the Spongebob activity

19. Characteristics of Life
Get a book from the back lab area
Write down the 8 characteristics of Life in your journal (found on page 16)
Examine the brown substance in the front of the room
Describe something you could do to determine if it was alive or not
Do you think it is alive

20. Honors Note book for 9/3 Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Explain what the terms observation and inference mean what is the difference)
Make one observation and inference about yourself that you would be willing to share with the class

21. Notebook for September 3rd
Reflect on what we did Thursday in class (what was the main point, what questions do you have, something your learned)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Explain what the terms observation and inference mean what is the difference)
Make one observation and inference about yourself

22. What is Science?
Science-the process of investigating and trying to understand the natural world, by finding explanations and using explanations to make predictions.
Science begins with “observations”
Data-information gathered from observations.
Quantitative-numerical data
(graphs, tables, mathematical equations)
2. Qualitative-non-numerical data
(Pictures, the color, texture, or appearance of something)

23. Hypothesis vs. Inference
Scientists may use data to make an inference.
Inference-a logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience.
Ex: Researchers testing water for pollution cannot test every drop. If all drops come back clean, they may infer that all water is safe to drink.
If it is snowing outside, you may infer that it is cold.

24. Observations of the Natural World
Clover (Trifolium)
Quantitative Observation
Most clover has three leaves
Qualitative Observations
Clover has green leaves and produces a white flower
Inference
Clover is a plant

25. Going Outside Bring your notebook and a writing utensil
In your notbook, by the end of the period you must identify 8 different living organisms
You must make 5 observations about the living organism. At least one must be qualitative and one must be quantitative.
You must make three inference about the organism

26. Going Outside Single file and quiet in the school
Don’t wander off, stay on school grounds
No electronic devices
I will call us back in 5-10 minutes before the bell, Turn your notebook in so I can see what you got done in class today

27. CP Biology
Today we have two items to accomplish before we begin our first laboratory experiment
Write down the 8 characteristics of Life in your journal (found on page 16 of the textbook) Period 7 Only
Find and label the twenty safety/classroom items on your handout
With your groups Identify what you want your independent variable to be in our first experiment

28. Notebook for September 4
Pick up your Folder, and three papers in the front of the room
Reflect on what we did yesterday in class (what was the main point, what questions do you have, something your learned)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (What Safety Procedures must we follow in the Lab)
Read the West Perry School District Lab and Safety Procedures

29. Notebook for September 4
Pick up your Folder, the four papers and your computer
Reflect on what we did yesterday in class (what was the main point, what questions do you have, something your learned)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (What Safety Procedures must we follow in the Lab)
Read the West Perry School District Lab and Safety Procedures

30. Honors/CP Biology Lab Groups will be assigned to you
Today orient yourself to the classroom Label your map with the twenty items found in the room
Today read Lab, Tomorrow finish prelab questions, Friday complete experiment
In your groups identify your independent variable for the experiment

31. Notebook for September 5
Pick up your Folder, and your lab paper, Sign Up for Your Computer
Reflect on what we did yesterday in class (what was the main point, what questions do you have, something your learned)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Relate the yeast experiment to the eight characteristics of life and identify the variables in the experiment)
Logon to the Computer

32. Factors Effecting Yeast Fermentation
Factors affecting fermentation -  Slower fermentation is best for the development of flavor and gluten strength in Bread 

Temperature of the room
Amount of yeast
Presence of salt; typical Percent is 1.8 to 2.5 when baking bread
Amount of sugar
Type of sugar
pH optimal pH is acidic 4 to 6.
Presence of spices that can serve as antimicrobial agents; Most spices, have antimicrobial activity, such as cinnamon and can slow fermentation.

33. USA Test Prep
Today we need to get accounts setup on USA Test Prep and you need to join my class
Go to (
Create account
Account ID: westperrypa
Student Activation Code: newton51
Join Class

34. What is wrong with these Sentences
We kept the honey bees in a humidified chamber at room temperature overnight. We heated the solution to 90°C for approximately 30 minutes and then allowed it to cool.

35. Put it in Passive Voice
The honey bees were kept in a humidified chamber at room temperature overnight.
The solution was heated to 90°C for approximately 30 minutes and then allowed to cool.

36. Passive Voice Choose the passive voice when:
1. The performer is unknown, irrelevant, or obvious.
2. The performer is less important than the action.
3. The recipient is the main topic.

37. Third Person Passive Voice
Examples of passive voice in lab reports
 Correct:
200mL of distilled water was poured into a 500 mL beaker.
Incorrect:
I poured 200mL of distilled water in a beaker. (active voice)
Pour 200mL water in a beaker. (direction/command)

38. Third Person Passive Voice
Examples of passive voice in lab reports
Correct:
The covered crucible was mounted on a ring stand.
Incorrect:
We put the crucible on a ring stand. (active voice)
Set the crucible on a ring stand. (direction/command)

39. Third Person Passive Voice
You are taught in English class to never write in this way. The reason for this is that the goal of writing in that class is to create a narrative.
In science we want to remove the actors and the action. We want the experiment to stand on its own. It does not matter who completes the actions just how they are done

40. Complete the Prelab Individually
Use your Computer and Prior Knowledge to answer the Prelab questions
If you do not finish the Prelab it is your homework
If you do not finish the Prelab you will not be allowed to participate in the lab and you lose 20% of your grade

41. Notebook for September 9th
Pick up your Folder
Make sure your journals are in your folder
Reflect on what we did in class Friday(Lab)
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (what are the essential Parts of a lab report )
Honors/CP get Computers

42. Title A great title has the following Independent Variable
Organism Studied
And might have the following
System used
Science concepts covered
If all else fails
What is the effect of [independent variable] on [dependent variable]? (Ex. What is the effect of light on the growth of plants?)

43. Pre-Lab Notes
Your Pre-Lab notes need to be revised and answered correctly
They will be a major part of your grade on the lab and will be graded for correctness
A well done pre-lab will overlap with other sections of the lab report
At times you will be asked to write an introduction. For this lab your prelab will serve as the introduction

44. Results
We calculated the circumference. You will graph that change over time
Graphs and tables have captions and titles
In the caption state the trend do not explain the trend.
Honors- We will calculate the # of molecules of gas produced in the lab. (CP this will be worth 5 points extra credit if completed)

45. Discussion
For the purposes of the first lab the discussion is broken into two parts
Analysis Questions- These are like your prelab and will be written as question and answer format
Conclusion written as paragraphs can add your own information

46. References
APA format
You must cite at least one source

47. Notebook for September 10th
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Why do Scientist use charts and graphs to display data)
Honors/CP get Computers

48. Notebook for September 11th
Pick up Folder, Journal, and Lab Activity Paper
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Explain how we determine if an organism is alive)
Answer Do Now: on lab activity paper

49. Characteristics of Life
In Order to be living, organisms should display the following.
Made up of Cells
Uses energy
Maintains Internal environment
Grows
Adapts to changes in outside environment
Response to Stimuli
Reproduces
8. Universal Genetic Code (DNA and RNA)

50. Notebook for September 12th
Pick up Folder, Journal, and Activity Paper
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Explain how we Group and Organize Life)
Lab Report Due Monday
Lab Report Due Monday LAB REPORT DUE MONDAY

51. Explain how we Group and Organize Life
Group the 12 cards from largest to smallest
Write the ten living terms on your pyramid
On side two define the term
On side three give one example
Then in your journal write the terms and give 5 examples to show your understanding
Finish the activity from yesterday
Answer the EQ from today

52. Notebook for September 17
Pick up and staple the three microscope lab papers and References sheet
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Explain how to properly use a microscope)
In your journal today: Define Microscope

53. Microscope
A device that produces magnified images of structures that are too small to see with the unaided eye.
Final Lab Report Due 9/20

54. Honors Students No Classwork Journal Today
Fill out weekly progress report
Pick up references page

55. Notebook for September 16th
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (Analyze the important parts of the scientific process/method)
Staple the peer review sheets to the front of your lab report and write you name on them. Mark if you want It written on and corrected or not
Write one Part of the scientific Process in your notebook

56. Notebook for September 17th
Pick up folder and microscope label from front table
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (How do we prepare a glass slide for examination )

57. Scientific Theory
An explanation of scientific facts that is well tested and unifies a broad range of scientific topics. It has withstood all attempts to disprove it.

58. Scientific Law
A description of the patterns of behavior that found in nature. How nature behaves

59. Notebook for September 19th
Pick up Folder, Journal
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (What are the five stages of Development)
In journal copy down notes 5 stages of Development
Test Friday!!!

60. Stages of Development
Development-Series of orderly changes that occur in an organism’s life.
5 Stages of Development(common to all ):
Beginning-fertilization of egg or split in asexual reproduction
Growth-the number/size of cells increases
Maturity-the number of cells is not increasing. Cells are being replaced and repaired.
Decline-Cells are no longer being repaired or replaced.
Death-All cell activity ceases.

61. Types of Microscopes
Microscopes-devices that produce magnified images of structures that are to small to see with the unaided eye.
Compound Light Microscopes-allow light to pass through a thin specimen of an image to produce an images.
Most common
Magnification=4-1000x
Resolution=good
Advantages-Can view live organisms, cheaper
Disadvantages=Can’t see 3-D, magnification not as good

62. Light Microscope

63. Electron Microscopes
Transmission Electron-shine a beam of electrons through a thin specimen.
Magnification=200,000 x (internal)
Resolution= very good
Magnifies by beams of electrons
Advantages=extreme resolution inside of organisms
Disadvantages=can’t see 3-D, can’t view live organisms because requires a vacuum.

64. Transmission Electron Microscope

65. Electron Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope-scan a narrow beam of electrons back and forth over the surface of a specimen.
Magnification=500,000 x surface
Resolution=very good
Magnifies by electrons
Advantages=can view whole organisms
Disadvantages=can only view surface of dead organisms.

66. Microscope Types
Scanning Probe Microscope-forms images of surfaces by scanning a probe over the surface of the specimen.
Magnification= 10,000,000x
Resolution=extremely good
Uses a scanning probe to magnify image
Advantages=can see details of very small images (not constrained to the wavelength of light or electrons.)-still being developed with “Nanoscience”
Disadvantages=smaller pictures, possibly longer wait time for image, some probes better than others

67. Scanning Probe Microscope

68. Practice Microscope Questions
Which microscope type is best for viewing living things
A. Compound Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D. Scanning Probe Microscope

69. Practice Microscope Questions
Which microscope type is best for viewing living things
A. Compound Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D. Scanning Probe Microscope

70. Practice Microscope Questions
Which microscope type has the greatest magnification
A. Compound Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D. Scanning Probe Microscope

71. Practice Microscope Questions
Which microscope type has the greatest magnification
A. Compound Light Microscope
B. Transmission Electron Microscope
C. Scanning Electron Microscope
D. Scanning Probe Microscope

72. 8 characteristics of living things
Living things share the following characteristics:
Made up of cells
Reproduce
Have DNA (genetic code)
Grow and develop
Obtain and use materials and energy
Respond to their environment
Maintain stable, internal environment by homeostasis
As a group, change over time

73. Notebook for September 19th
Pick up Folder, Journal,
Reflect on what we did yesterday
Write: Today’s Date
Write down Essential Question (What do you need to do to prepare yourself for the test)