1. HISTORY STANDARD ONE (a): Students will examine historical materials relating to a particular region, society, or theme; analyze change over time, and make logical inferences concerning cause and effect. HISTORY STANDARD TWO (b): Students will examine historical documents, artifacts, and other materials, and analyze them in terms of credibility, as well as the purpose, perspective, or point of view for which they were constructed. HISTORY STANDARD THREE (a): Students will compare different historians' descriptions of the same societies in order to examine how the choice of questions and use of sources may affect their conclusions. ECONOMICS STANDARD ONE (a): Students will analyze how changes in technology, costs, and demand interact in competitive markets to determine or change the price of goods and services. LEARNING ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS (1) Is change inevitable? How do I know? (2) To what extent does the past predict the future? (3) To what extent does history change? (4) Under what market conditions does price change?

2. CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

4. CONFEDERATE STATES UNION STATES South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee California Connecticut Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New York Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island Vermont Wisconsin BORDER STATES DelawareMissouriMaryland KentuckyWest Virginia

5. I.A Nation Divided A. Reasons for Conflict 1. South (Confederacy) wanted freedom so they could keep their way of life – including slavery 2. North (Union) wanted to save the union of the United States (did not want the country to separate)

6. II. Strengths and Weaknesses A. South (Confederacy) 1.Strengths fighting a defensive war desire to defend their land and property homefield advantage – majority of the war was fought in the south

7. 2. Weaknesses few factories for producing weapons and supplies few railroads for moving troops and supplies political problem – had a weak federal government small population – only 9 million people living in the south small navy with few ships

8. B.North (Union) 1. Strengths large population – 22 million people living in the north more workers for working in the factories to produce weapons and supplies more factories – 90% of goods in the United States were produced in the north 70% of the railroads in the United States were in the north large/strong navy

9. 2. Weaknesses had to conquer a huge area of land fighting on unfamiliar land (south) longer for their weapons, supplies, reinforcements to travel

11. III. Leaders A. South (Confederacy) 1. Jefferson Davis – President 2. Robert E. Lee – Military B. North (Union) 1. Abraham Lincoln – President 2. Ulysses S. Grant - Military

12. IV.Strategies for Victory A. South (Confederacy) 1. Defend their land until the Union grew tired of fighting B. North (Union) 1. Use their navy to cut off Southern ports (stopping their supplies) 2. Capture the southern capital – Richmond, Virginia 3. Seize the Mississippi River (cutting off transportation)

13. V.Lincoln’s Goal 1. Restore the union, not to end slavery 2. Emancipation Proclamation speech given by Abraham Lincoln after the Union victory at Antietam changed the purpose of the war to end/abolish slavery in the South and save the union

15. VI. Life of Soldiers in the Civil War 1. new technology cone-shaped bullets made rifles more accurate improved cannons hurled exploding shells several miles 2. medical care surgeons often amputated injured arms and legs poor sanitary conditions caused infections disease – pneumonia and malaria

16. VII. End of the War A. Appomattox Court House (Virginia) 1. North (Union) wins the war no war has ever resulted in more American deaths 360,000 Union soldiers died 250,000 Confederate soldiers died cost more than any other previous American war cost $20 billion – 11 times more money than the United States spent from 1789-1861 put an end to slavery in the United States