1. Today's Agenda Bellwork Announcements Questions Bellwork Review
Group Work
Socratic Discussion
Assessment/Closure 1 1

2. Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P) 2

3. Our Objective Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.

4. Cities begin to Form
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5. Production begins to grow

6. Industrial Revolution, 1700 - 1900
The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society.

7. Why Industrial Revolution Began in England (mid 1700s)
Industrialization—move to machine production of goods
Britain has natural resources—coal, iron, rivers, harbors
Britain has all needed factors of production—land, labor, capital
Britain has political stability

9. Inventions Spur Industrialization
Changes in the Textile Industry
Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and
spinning jennies
Water frame, power loom, speed production
Factories—buildings that contain machinery for
manufacturing

11. Improvements in Transportation
James Watt’s Steam Engine
Need for cheap, convenient power spurs
development of steam engine
Watt is #25 on Millennium List
Water Transportation
Robert Fulton builds first steamboat; England’s water transport improved by canals

12. The Railway Age Begins Steam-Driven Locomotives
1804, first steam-driven locomotive
1825, first railroad line
Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain
Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs
Cheaper transportation boosts many industries;
people move to cities

13. George Stephenson's Rocket locomotive. Photograph, 19th century.

14. Industrialization Case Study: Manchester
Factories pay more than farms, spur demand for more expensive goods
Urbanization—city-building and movement of people to cities
Factory pollution fouls air, poisons river
Sickness widespread in urban slums; lack sanitary and building codes

16. Working Conditions Average working day 14 hours for 6 days a week
Dirty, poorly lit factories injure workers
Many coal miners killed by coal dust
Children as young as 6 work in factories; many are injured

19. The job of this young "tipple boy" was to unload coal cars by tipping them over. Photograph. West Virginia, Lewis Hine.

20. Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Immediate Benefits
Creates jobs, enriches nation, encourages technological progress
Education expands, clothing cheaper, diet and housing improve
Workers eventually win shorter hours, better wages and conditions
Long-Term Effects
Improved living and working conditions still evident today
Governments use increased tax revenues for
urban improvements

22. The industrialization that begins in Great Britain spreads to other parts of the world.
Industrialization in the United States
Begins in early 19th century but picks up post-Civil War. U.S. has natural and labor resources needed to industrialize
Troubles in Continental Europe
Revolution and Napoleonic wars disrupted early 19th-century economy
Eventually, Belgium, Germany, Northern Italy, and France industrialize

24. The Impact of Industrialization
Rise of Global Inequality
Wealth gap widens; non-industrialized countries fall further behind
European nations, U.S., Japan exploit colonies for resources
Imperialism spreads due to need for raw materials, markets
Transformation of Society
Europe and U.S. gain economic power African and Asian economies lag, based on agriculture and crafts.
Rise of middle class strengthens democracy, calls for social reform

26. The Industrial Revolution leads to economic, social, and political reforms
Charles Dickens: From Poor House to Mansion Charles Dickens’s childhood experience as a factory worker influenced his writing and helped bring about reform during the Industrial Revolution.

27. The Philosophers of Industrialization
Laissez faire—economic policy of not interfering
with businesses
Originates with Enlightenment economic
philosophers
Adam Smith—defender of free markets, author of
The Wealth of Nations
Believes economic liberty guarantees economic
progress
Economic natural laws—self-interest, competition,
supply and demand

28. Mercantilism vs Free Market 1500-1776

30. The Economists of Capitalism
Thomas Malthus & David Ricardo boost laissez-faire capitalism
Capitalism—system of privately owned businesses seeking profits

31. The Rise of Socialism Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism—judge things by their usefulness
John Stuart Mill favors regulation to help workers, spread wealth
Socialism
Socialism—factors of production owned by,
operated for the people
Socialists think government control can end poverty, bring equality

32. Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx—German journalist proposes a radical Socialism
Friedrich Engels—German whose father owns a Manchester textile mill
The Communist Manifesto
Marx and Engels believe society is divided into warring classes
Capitalism helps “haves,” the employers known as the bourgeoisie
Hurts “have-nots,” the workers known as the
Proletariat. Marx, Engels predict the workers will overthrow the owners

33. The Future According to Marx
Marx believes that capitalism will eventually
destroy itself
Inequality would cause workers to revolt, seize factories and mills
Communism—society where people own, share the means of production
Marx’s ideas later take root in Russia, China, Cuba

35. Video Time

37. The “Industrial” Revolution Today
Smaller, More Powerful Computers
Computer components miniaturized due partly to space program
Computers can fit in hands, instead of needing a whole room
Computers now commonplace in factories, offices, vehicles, homes
Bill Gates, #41 on Millennium List

38. Communications Network
Internet—linkage of computer networks spanning the world
Internet use soars from 26 to 600 million people from 1995–2002
Internet greatly affects business, speeding up flow of information

39. Technology Revolutionizes the World’s Economy
Advances in Industry
Progress in science leads to new industries
Technological advances change industrial processes
Production costs are lower; quality and speed of production increase
Information Industries Change Economies
New technologies reduce need for factory workers
Using computers, information industries enjoy great growth

40. The Effects of New Economies
Post-war boom benefits many nations; causes shifts in economic bases
Developed nations—nations with advanced business infrastructures
Emerging nations—nations in the process of becoming industrialized
Manufacturing moves to emerging nations with cheap, eager labor
Information industries multiply in developed
nations

41. FYI: In August 2010, after three decades of spectacular growth, China passed Japan to become the world’s second-largest economy behind the United States.
Experts say unseating Japan—and in recent years passing Germany, France and Great Britain—underscores China’s growing clout and bolsters forecasts that China will pass the United States as the world’s biggest economy as early as America’s gross domestic product (GDP) was $14 trillion in 2009.

42. Your Generation versus My Generation
Video Time
Your Generation versus My Generation

43. Our Standard Today
W.6 Describe the growth of population, rural to urban migration, and growth of cities. (C, E, G)
W.7 Explain the connections among natural resources, entrepreneurship, labor, and capital in an industrial economy including the reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. (E, G, H)
W.8 Write an informative piece analyzing the emergence of capitalism as a dominant economic pattern and the responses to it, including Utopianism, Social Democracy, Socialism and Communism, Adam Smith, Robert Owen, and Karl Marx. (C, E, H, P) 43

44. Our Objective Industrial Revolution 1750-1914
We will analyze the emergence and effects of the Industrial Revolution in England, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States.