1. Perception- Part 2

2. Change Blindness

3. What does this say?

4. Call me…. S2

5. Top-Down vs. Bottom Up

7. Re-Cap of Perspective: Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Constancy- Tendency for perceptions of objects to remain relatively unchanged in spite of changes in raw sensations
Brightness Constancy: piece of white paper does not change when it moves from am dimly lit room to a brightly lit room
Color constancy: colors do not seem to change much in spite of different conditions of light
Size constancy: dollar bill from 1 foot and 10 feet with seem different in size, however we do not perceive it as different because familiar objects do not change in perceived size as different distances
Shape constancy- a penny seen straight on is circular, from an angle it’s oval however we continue to perceive it as circular

8. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt
Visual Capture
tendency for vision to dominate the other senses
Gestalt--an organized whole
tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes

9. Perceptual Organization: Gestalt
Grouping
the perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups
Grouping Principles
proximity--group nearby figures together
similarity--group figures that are similar
continuity--perceive continuous patterns
closure--fill in gaps
connectedness--spots, lines, and areas are seen as unit when connected

10. Re-Cap: Depth Perception
Texture Gradient- texture of objects more severe up close
Linear Perspective- images cast smaller images on retina when they are more distant, parallel lines appear to grow closer further away
Superposition- Closer objects tend to be partially in front of distant objects
Shadowing- shadow suggest depth of object
Speed of movement- objects further away move across the field vision slower
Aerial Perspective- distant objects look hazy
Accommodation- shape of lens of eye changes to focus on visual images

11. Philosophers have debated the origin of our perceptual abilities: Is it nature or nurture? What do you think?

12. Beliefs
German philosopher Immanuel Kant- knowledge comes from our inborn ways of organizing sensory experience
British philosopher John Locke- through our experiences we also learn to perceive the world

13. Could a person who is blind from birth distinguish this visually if they gained sight as an adult?

14. Critical Period
Critical period of vision is at birth through infancy of humans, cats, monkeys

15. Cataracts
Definition: an eye disease in which the lens becomes covered in an opaque film that affects sight, eventually causing total loss of sight.

16. Perceptual Adaption
With vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field
Example: wearing a new pair of glasses (may be fuzzy at first, a few hours or days, eyes will adjust)

17. Perception and the Human Factor
Human Factors Psychology
explores how people and machines interact
explores how machine and physical environments can be adapted to human behaviors

18. Perceptual Set: Human Factors
Actual
descent
path
Pilot’s perceived
descent path
Altitude looks
this much higher
Distance from runway (miles) 10 8 6 4 2
Altitude
(thousands
of feet)

19. Is it really possible?

20. Is There Extrasensory Perception?
controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input
telepathy
clairvoyance
precognition
Parapsychology
the study of paranormal phenomena
ESP
psychokinesis

21. Claims of paranormal phenomena include astrological predictions, psychic healing, communication with the dead, and out-of-body experiences

22. ESP Three types of ESP: Telepathy- mind to mind communication
Clairvoyance- perceiving events as they are taking place
Precognition- perceiving future events
Also associated with ESP, psychokinesis (“mind over matter”

25. Activity Take out a piece of paper and something to write with
On that piece of paper you are going to write a paragraph about someone you know
-You may not choose a family member
- You may not use their name or how you know them
- Identify how they have helped you learn a life lesson