1. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The European Datum ETRS89 and Related Map Projections Johannes Ihde Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy

2. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Contents 1.The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection Workshops 2.Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use 3.Coordinate Systems and Map Projections 4.CRS Internet Portal

3. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The Spatial Reference Workshop 1999 and the Map Projection Workshop 2000 recommends to the European Commission: 1. To adopt ETRS89 as geodetic datum and to express and store positions, as far as possible, in ellipsoidal coordinates, with the underlying GRS80 ellipsoid [ETRS89]. Three map projections are required to supplement the ellipsoidal system. (Adopted for geo data of the Commission) 1.The European Spatial Reference and Map Projection Workshops

4. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 2. To adopt EVRF2000 for expressing practical heights (gravity-related). 3. To take strong action to support the work of EUREF, EuroGeographics and the NMAs in collecting and making available in a public domain the definitions of various coordinate reference systems (realized by CRS internet portal), and definitive transformation parameters between the national reference systems and ETRS89 (realized for 3 m accuracy level), as well as EVRF2000 (in preparation).

5. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA ISO 19111 (ISO/TC 211, WI 11) Spatial referencing by coordinates DIS November 2000, IS 2003 Scope WI 11 describes the conceptual schema and defines the description for a minimum data to two cases for which 1-, 2- and 3-dimensional coordinate reference system (CRS) information shall be given: Case A: A coordinate reference system to which a set of coordinates is related. Case B: An operation (transformation, conversion, concatenated operation) to change coordinate values from one coordinate reference system to another.

6. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate system which is related to the Earth by a datum datum coordinate system map projection geodeticverticalengineering coordinate reference system terrestrial reference system grid

7. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Components of a European spatial reference system (CRS)

8. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 2. Realization of ETRS89 and its Practical Use Statement: ETRS89 is recognised by the scientific community as the European geodetic datum to be adopted. It is defined to 1cm accuracy, and it is consistent with the global ITRS. ETRS89 is available due to the EUREF permanent GPS station network EPN and the validated EUREF campaign observations. It is part of the legal framework of some EU member states.

9. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Terrestrial Reference System (TRS) A TRS is mathematically defined as an Euclidian affine frame with an origin, scale and orientation in relation to the Earth body A TRS is realized by coordinates of physical points an or near the Earth surface

10. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) The geodetic datum (origin, orientation, scale) of ITRS is defined by conventions (2002) of the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS of IAG) ITRS is realized by a series of frames (ITRF last one is 2000) with coordinates and velocities of some hundred world wide geodetic stations (Service of IAG)

11. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

14. The European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) The European Continental Plate is moving quite uniformly of some 3 cm per year, relatively to the ITRS. Excepted is of the south-eastern extreme of Europe (Greece, Turkey). The IAG Sub-commission for Europe EUREF decided to define a System fixed to the European plate in order to have stable co- ordinates for Europe. This System (datum) is named ETRS, or ETRS89, as was identical to the ITRS in the year 1989. Since 1989, ETRS89 co-ordinates have shifted from their values expressed in ITRS. The shifts are monitored by IERS and EUREF. This shift is well known, and transformations from one to the other are possible for most part in a 1 cm accuracy. The shift parameter are given with the ITRF solutions.

15. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

16. European Terrestrial Reference System 1989 (ETRS89) is the geodetic datum for pan-European spatial data collection, storage and analysis. This is based on the GRS80 ellipsoid and is the basis for a coordinate reference system using ellipsoidal coordinates. The ETRS89 Ellipsoidal Coordinate Reference System (ETRS89) is recommended to express and to store positions, as far as possible.

17. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA ETRS89 Ellipsoidal Coordinate Reference System (ETRS89) Description Entitiy Value CRS IDETRS89 CRS valid area Europe Datum scope European datum consistent with ITRS at the epoch 1989.0 and fixed to the stable part of the Eurasian continental plate for georeferencing of GIS and geokinematic tasks Datum remarks see Boucher, C., Altamimi, Z. (1992): The EUREF Terrestrial Reference System and its First Realizations. Veröffentlichungen der Bayerischen Kommission für die Internationale Erdmessung, Heft 52, München 1992, pages 205-213- or - ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ ftp://lareg.ensg.ign.fr/pub/euref/info/guidelines/ Prime meridian IDGreenwich Prime meridian Greenwich longitude0° Ellipsoid IDGRS 80 Ellipsoid semi-major axis6 378 137 m Ellipsoid inverse flattening298.257222101

18. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA No. stations: 130 total 42 IGS EUREF GPS Permanent Network EPN

19. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

20. EUREF GPS Permanent Network (EPN) - Organization - EPN Coordination Group Network Coordinator C. Bruyninx, ROB Analysis Coordinator H. Habrich, BKG Dataflow Coordinator G. Stangl, OLG Technical Working Group representative W. Gurtner, AIUB Special projects representatives EPN Central BureauEPN Special Projects Tasks: Day-to-day general management of the EPN Realization of a policy as prescribed by the Technical Working Group Provide all EPN related information Head: C. Bruyninx, ROB Time series for geokinematic Head: A. Kenyeres, FOMI Troposphere parameter estimation Head: G. Weber, BKG

21. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA EPN Analysis and Data Centers Local Analysis Center Regional Data CenterLocal Data Center NGK BEK BKG WUT GOP SGO LPT OLG UPA ASI COE IGE IGN ROB DEO

22. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 3. Coordinate Systems and Map Projections A coordinate system is a set of mathematical rules for specifying how coordinates are to be related to points. Map projections are special coordinate systems. The rules defining the map projections are conversions between ellipsoidal coordinates and coordinates of the map projections.

23. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The Map Projection Workshop 2000 recommends that the European Commission: Uses for statistical analysis and display a ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area coordinate reference system of 2001 [ETRS -LAEA], that is specified by ETRS89 as datum and the Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area map projection. Uses for conformal pan-European mapping at scales smaller or equal to 1:500,000 ETRS89 Lambert Conic Conformal coordinate reference system of 2001 [ETRS -LCC] that is specified by ETRS89 as datum and the Lambert Conic Conformal (2SP) map projection. Uses for conformal pan-European mapping at scales larger than 1:500,000 ETRS89 Transverse Mercator coordinate reference systems [ETRS-TMzn].

24. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA For pan-European statistical mapping at all scales or for other purposes where a true area representation is required, the ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is recommended. The ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) is a single projected coordinate reference system for all of the pan-European area. It is based on the ETRS89 geodetic datum and the GRS80 ellipsoid.

25. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Operation method parameters number4 Operation parameter namelatitude of origin Operation parameter value52° N Operation parameter namelongitude of origin Operation parameter value10° E Operation parameter namefalse northing Operation parameter value3 210 000.0 m Operation parameter remarks Operation parameter namefalse easting Operation parameter value4 321 000.0 m Operation parameter remarks ETRS89 Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area Coordinate Reference System (ETRS-LAEA) Description

26. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 4. CRS Internet Portal Information System for European Coordinate Reference Systems - Structure

27. Homepage

28. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

29. Selection of CRS

30. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Description of CRS

31. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

32. Transformations between geodetic datum, map projections and geographical grids in geodesy and geoinformation Johannes Ihde, Jens Luthardt Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy and Members of the Expert Group Geodesy (ExG G) of EuroGeographics, former WG 8 of CERCO Zuheir Altamimi, Heinz Habrich, Joao Torres, Georg Weber

33. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Contents 1.Spatial reference Systems – The European Situation 2.Datum Transformation 3.Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections 4.Transformation of Grid Related Information 5.Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS 6.Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to ESDI

34. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Coordinate reference system (CRS) is a coordinate system which is related to the Earth by a datum datum coordinate system incl. map projection geodeticverticalengineering coordinate reference system terrestrial reference system (grid)

35. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 1.Spatial reference systems – The European Situation A referense frame is the realization of a defined reference system

36. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Components of European spatial reference systems (CRS)

37. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA European Coordinate Reference Systems incl. map projections

38. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA National Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) in Europe

39. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

40. Map Projections in Europe

41. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Map Projections in Europe

42. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA change of coordinates from one coordinate reference system to another coordinate reference system based on a different datum through a one-to-one relationship coordinates related to source CRS with datum 1 and coordinate system A coordinate transformatio n coordinates related to target CRS with datum 2 and coordinate system A 2. Datum Transformation Coordinate Transformation

43. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Description of Transformations to ETRS89

44. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

45. Formula of 7 Parameter Helmert (similarity) Transformation (ISO19111) (T)Target Datum (S)Source Datum T 1, T 2, T 3 geocentric X/Y/Z translations[m] R 1, R 2, R 3 rotations around X/Y/Z axis [radian] Dcorrection of scale[ppm] Remark: the rotations R 1, R 2, R 3 must be small.

46. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA change of coordinates from one coordinate system to another based on the same datum based on a one-to-one relationship (including map projection) coordinates related to source CRS with datum 1 and coordinate system A coordinate conversion coordinates related to target CRS with datum 1 and coordinate system B 3. Coordinate Conversion and Map Projections

47. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 3D: –Cartesian: X, Y, Z –Ellipsoidal:, , h (Geodetic Coordinates) –Mapping: E, N, h –Spherical: R, , –Cylindrical: l,, Z 2D: –Geographic:,  – Mapping: E, N Height system: H o P Z Y X  R z Rcos  cos OP Rcos  sin Rsin  l cos OP l sin z l SphericalCylindrical Coordinate Systems

48. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Map projection

49. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Datum 1 Coordinate System A Datum 1 Coordinate System B Datum 2 Coordinate System A coordinate transformation I coordinate conversion coordinate transformation II (concatenated coordinate operations) Coordinate conversion and coordinate transformation

50. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 4. Transformation of Grid Related Information Most of the transformation/conversion cases in geodesy and geoinformation are related to point information (easy case of a one to one relationship). In physical geodesy some processing procedures bases on mean values over near equal area grids/compartments (geoid determination by solution of a BVP with mean gravity anomalies and topographic heights)

51. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The grid/compartment system is defined in a coordinate system (e.g. in ellipsoidal cs). The coordinate system is related to the Earth by a datum. The information to be stored in a grid system are connected to the Earth. Two cases of grid transformation: -Change of the grid/compartment system (coordinate system) -Change of the datum. There are no problems with point related information.

52. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA In case of a change of the datum there are two possibilities change mean values: 1.Shift of the position of the grid/compartments on the Earth surface … it means the content/values of the compartments will be changed. The values of the boundaries of the compartments are fixed. (datum shift) 2.Fix the position of the compartment on the Earth surface … it means the content/values of the compartments will be fixed. The values of the boundaries of the compartments has to be changed by a datum transformation. (coordinate conversion)

53. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Conclusion Store all information as point information in ellipsoidal coordinates in ETRS89

54. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA in cooperation of EUREF and EuroGeographics will be realised by Bundesamt für Kartographie und Geodäsie (BKG) will be the further development of the Information System for European Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) Access at present for CRS: http://crs.ifag.de or Links from Hompages of BKG, EUREF, EuroGeographics 5. Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS

55. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS (2) CRS contains at present for position –descriptions of national Coordinate Reference Systems (CRS) of European countries –descriptions of pan-European CRS (ETRS89) –descriptions of transformation parameters of national CRS to pan-European CRS with an accuracy of 1...3 m The information were provided from the National Mapping Agencies (NMA) and unified and prepared regarding ISO-Standard 19111.

56. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS (3) further development –upgrading for the gravity-related height component (in preparation – circular letter) –generally information about CRS, Coordinates, Transformations, Map Projections etc. –current separately existing Websites for projects of height reference systems http://evrs.leipzig.ifag.de (EVRS) will be included and updated –upgrading for single point online transformation and conversion –adding data for describing the Earth gravity field

57. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS (4) Structure

58. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Realisation of a web-based Geodetic Information and Service System – GISS (5) Sub-Structure of CRS

59. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA GISS - Online Transformation Position national CRSETRS89 North East Latitude Longitude (ell. height) XYZXYZ North East Latitude Longitude (ell. height) XYZXYZ Transformation Conversion

60. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA GISS - Online Transformation Height national CRSEVRF2000 Height Transformation

61. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA 6. Georeferencing for EuroGeographics projects ( Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to a ESDI - INSPIRE/ EuroSpec) Geodetic Components to Reference Data Geodetic Control Stations (EPN, ECGN) Geodetic Information and Service System (GISS) Real Time Data Transfer for Global Navigation Satellite Systems (NTRIP) Validation and Certification of Geodetic Information

62. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA

63. Geodetic Information and Service System GISS

64. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA GPS Reference Station on the Internet Mobile IP Network Client PDA DGPS Internet elsewhere GPRS Modem Server PC GNSS & Internet principle Broadcaster Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (Ntrip)

65. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA Data & services ( Contribution of ExG-G and EUREF to ESDI) EUREF stations Web portal EPN data Densifications Navigation, GNSS Other services Certification User needs

66. EuroGrid Workshop Oct.27-29, 2003, JRC, ISPRA The Transformation of coordinates, which refer to different geodetic datum and map projections, is a standard task for the referencing of geoinformation and one of the basic tasks of geodesy. Thereby we essentially fall back on point information. The transformation of information, which is dedicated to grids/compartiments, comes up to the physical geodesy. Principles of transformation, conversion of coordinates and information transfer, that are dedicated to grids/compartiments, are being described and discussed.