2. Unit 8: Part A Unwritten Rules 21st Century College English: Book 2

3. Unit 8: Part A Pre-Reading Activities Pre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading ActivitiesPre-Reading Activities Intensive Study Intensive StudyIntensive StudyIntensive Study Exercises ExercisesExercises Assignment AssignmentAssignment

4. Listening ListeningListening Warm-up Questions Warm-up QuestionsWarm-up QuestionsWarm-up Questions Pre-Reading Activities

5. A s you listen to the tape, mark each word or phrase J or T, to indicate whether Jill (the woman) or Tim (the man) says them. (Some words might be spoken by both of people!) Pre-reading Activities: Listening Script animal anywhereasleepcar colddecentignorelaw lightno onepolicesafety sleepysocial contractwho knows TJJJ JTTJ,T J,TJ,TJT JTT

6. Pre-reading Activities: Listening Jill:Honey, what are you stopping for? Tim:I’m stopping because the light is red. Don’t you see it? Jill:I see it, but … Tim, there’s no one around, there isn’t another car in sight, and I’m sleepy, and it’s cold! I want to get home. Tim:A red light is a red light. It isn’t just a question of safety, don’t you know that? Jill:Of course I know it’s against the law to run a red light, but there are no police anywhere near here! They’re all home asleep — and I’d like to be too. Tim:It isn’t just a question of the law either. It’s a question of … the social contrast. It’s a question of decent, civilized behavior. If we start running red lights just because it’s safe and there’s no one around to see us, who knows where it will end. Jill:Tim … Tim:First you quietly ignore a red light — the next thing you know, you’re acting like an animal! Jill:Tim! The light’s turned green now. Will you drive, please?

7. Pre-reading Activities: Warm-up Questions  Whose point of view is closer to your own?  Are there situations when it’s okay to break the rules? Are there rules it’s never okay to break, even when you’re alone?

8. Intensive Study Intensive StudyIntensive StudyIntensive Study Difficult sentences Difficult sentences Key words, phrases & usages Key words, phrases & usages Comprehension exercises Comprehension exercises Intensive Study

9. Unwritten Rules Bob Greene 1 The restaurant was almost full. A steady hum of conversation hung over the room; people spoke with each other and worked on their meals. hung over hung over 2 Suddenly, from a table near the center of the room, came a screaming voice: “Damn it, Sylvia....” Intensive Study

10. 3 The man was shouting at the top of his voice. His face was red, and he yelled at the woman sitting opposite him for about fifteen seconds. In the crowded restaurant, it seemed like an hour. All other conversations in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man. He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear. He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear Intensive Study

11. 4 It was startling precisely because it almost never happens; there are no laws against such explosions, and with the pressures of our modern world you would almost expect to run into such things on a regular basis. But you don't; as a matter of fact, when I thought it over I realized that it was the first time in my life I had witnessed such a demonstration. During all the meals I've had in restaurants, I had never seen a person start screaming at the top of his lungs. preciselyon a regular basiswitnesseddemonstrationat the top of his lungspreciselyon a regular basiswitnesseddemonstrationat the top of his lungs Intensive Study

12. 5 When you're eating among other people, you don't raise your voice; it's just one example of the unwritten rules we live by. When you consider it, you recognize that those rules probably govern our lives on a more absolute basis than the ones you could find if you looked in the law books. The customs that govern us are what make a civilization. There would be chaos without them, and yet it's not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating society — we obey them. live bydisintegratinglive bydisintegrating Intensive Study

13. 6 How many times have you stopped at a red light late at night? You can see in all directions; there's no one else around — no headlights, no police cruiser idling behind you. You're tired and in a hurry. But you wait for the light to change. Is it for safety's sake? No; you can see that there would be no accident if you drove on. Is it to avoid getting arrested? No; you are alone; there's no one to catch you. Still, you sit and wait. Intensive Study

14. 7 At major athletic events, it is not uncommon to find 90,000 or 100,000 people sitting in the stands. On the playing field are two dozen athletes — maybe fewer. There aren't enough security guards on hand to keep all the spectators from getting out of their seats and walking onto the field. But it never happens. Regardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators stay in their places, and the athletes are safe in their part of the arena. The invisible barrier always holds. athletic on handathletic on hand Intensive Study

15. 8 In restaurants and coffee shops, people pay their bills. It's a simple enough concept. Yet it would be remarkably easy to wander away from a meal without paying at the end. Especially in these difficult economic times, wouldn't you expect this to become a common form of cheating? Why doesn't it happen more often? It's just another unwritten rule of human conduct that people automatically make good on their debts. They would no sooner walk out on a bill than start screaming. make goodno sooner walk out on a bill thanmake goodno sooner walk out on a bill than Intensive Study

16. 9 I know a man who, when he parks his car at a parking meter, always puts change in the meter even if there's time left on it. He regards it as the right thing to do. He says he isn't doing it just to extend the time remaining — even if there's sufficient time on the meter to cover whatever task he has to perform at the location, he pays his own way. He believes that you're supposed to purchase your own time; the fellow before you purchased only his. parking metercover pays his own wayparking metercover pays his own way Intensive Study

17. 10 There are so many rules like these — rules that we all obey — that we think about them only when that rare person violates them. In the restaurant, after the man had yelled “Damn it, Sylvia” there was a tentative atmosphere among the other diners for half an hour after it happened. They weren’t sure what disturbed them about what they had witnessed; they knew, though, that it had violated something very basic about the way we're supposed to behave. And it bothered them — which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often than not, all is well. violatestentativemore often than notviolatestentativemore often than not (750 words) Intensive Study

18. hang over — 1)remain in the air; be placed above or on top of (sth. or sb.) 2)be likely to happen soon; surround (sth.) as with fear, doubt, etc. e.g. Smog used to hang over the city.Smog used to hang over the city. They felt some kind of disaster was hanging over their vacation.They felt some kind of disaster was hanging over their vacation. Translate An economic crisis is hanging over the country. Key经济危机笼罩着这个国家。

19. Translate into Chinese: He must have realized this, because just as suddenly as he had started, he lowered his voice and finished whatever it was he had to say in a tone the rest of us could not hear. 他一定意识到了这一点，因为就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他 突然又压低了嗓门，用旁人听不到的声音结束了他想说的话。 就像他突然开始尖叫一样，他突然又压低了嗓门 用旁人听不到的声音 More to learn More to learn 他一定意识到了这一点,

20. He must have realized this, … The must be pattern is used to give a guess or draw a logical conclusion concerning a present event, while the must have done pattern is used to give a guess or draw a logical conclusion concerning a past event. e.g. Judging from his looks, he must be over 50 now.Judging from his looks, he must be over 50 now. Judging from his walking, he must have been a soldier before.Judging from his walking, he must have been a soldier before. More to do More to do

21. 1. There are two policemen at the door asking about the break-in. (father, report) 2. There’s blood on the kitchen floor. (mother, cut her finger) VIII.Respond to the sentences below with a must have speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses to formulate your sentences.  Father must have reported it.  Mother must have cut her finger. Exercises Structure Ex. VIII, p. 229 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VIII, p. 229

22. 3. It’s already 2 o’clock but Jane isn’t here. (forget about the meeting.) 4. We’ve driven two hours, but where is the beach? (take the wrong road)  She about the meeting.  She must have forgotten about the meeting.  We the wrong way.  We must have taken the wrong way. VIII.Respond to the sentences below with a must have speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses to formulate your sentences. Exercises Structure

23. 5. Jack looked tired this morning. (stay up late)  He late.  He must have stayed up late. VIII.Respond to the sentences below with a must have speculation about the cause. Use the words in parentheses to formulate your sentences. Exercises Structure

24. precisely ad. —1)exactly; just 2)in an exact manner; carefully e.g. This is precisely why I want to see you.This is precisely why I want to see you. The train leaves at 10 o'clock precisely.The train leaves at 10 o'clock precisely. Drill Make a sentence with precisely. Precisely is used to emphasize that a particular thing is completely true or correct.

25. on a … basis —(be done) in a … way; using a … method e.g. The results of the experiment are checked on a daily basis.The results of the experiment are checked on a daily basis. Paraphrase These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis. These people donate their blood on a voluntary basis. Key These people give their blood out without asking for payment.

26. witness n. —a person who sees an event take place and is therefore able to describe it to others e.g. Other witnesses were called, and gave similar evidence.Other witnesses were called, and gave similar evidence. Translate一个证人声称曾见过那把枪。 Key One witness claimed to have seen the gun. More to learn More to learn

27. witness v. — see sth. happen e.g. He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police.He arrived home just in time to witness his brother being taken away by the police. Translate The police are trying to find people who witnessed the car accident. Key警方正试图找到目睹车祸的人。

28. demonstration n. — 1)the expression of a feeling 2)a public show of strong feeling or opinion, often with marching, big signs e.g. This love letter is a demonstration of her love to Charlie. This love letter is a demonstration of her love to Charlie. The new tax proposal sparked a huge demonstration in the city's main square.The new tax proposal sparked a huge demonstration in the city's main square. Translate There was series of demonstrations against the Prime Minister's visit to the country. Key 一连串的游行示威抗议首相对这个国家的访问.

29. at the top of (one’s) lungs —as loud as possible e.g. The baby cried at the top of (his) lungs when he found his mother had gone.The baby cried at the top of (his) lungs when he found his mother had gone. See also (Line 1, Para 3): The man was shouting at the top of his voice.

30. live by — live according to; behave according to a particular set of rules or ideas e.g. He lives by a strict moral code.He lives by a strict moral code. Honest labor is the principle we live by.Honest labor is the principle we live by. Translate我总是努力按照我所信仰的去生活。 Key I always try to live by what I believe in.

31. disintegrate v. —1)fall apart 2)(cause to) break into small parts or pieces e.g. He watched his parents' marriage disintegrate.He watched his parents' marriage disintegrate. The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's atmosphere.The spacecraft disintegrated as it entered the Earth's atmosphere. Something such as a society or a relationship disintegrates when it becomes less and less stable and collapses. Translate这个盒子太旧了，我一把它捡起来就碎了。 Key The box was so old that it disintegrated when I picked it up.

32. athletic a. — 1)of or like an athlete 2)having to do with outdoor sports e.g. He was admired for his athletic body.He was admired for his athletic body. This college has a long tradition of athletic excellence.This college has a long tradition of athletic excellence.

33. on hand — within reach; available; ready e.g. John was embarrassed at the restaurant yesterday for he had no money on hand to pay the bill.John was embarrassed at the restaurant yesterday for he had no money on hand to pay the bill. Drill Make a sentence with on hand.

34. make good —pay what one owes; make up for e.g. The policeman told the boy's parents that the boy must make good the money he had stolen or go to jail.The policeman told the boy's parents that the boy must make good the money he had stolen or go to jail. She promised that she would make good the loss.She promised that she would make good the loss. Translate The damage to your furniture will be made good by our company. Key对于你的家具的损坏将由我们公司赔偿。

35. no sooner … than … —1) neither … nor 2) immediately after e.g. They would no sooner send their senile mother to the home for the aged than let her stay at home alone.They would no sooner send their senile mother to the home for the aged than let her stay at home alone. No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep.No sooner had he closed his eyes than he fell asleep. Cf. no sooner said than done — sth. will be immediately done after it is suggested e.g. Can you fix the phone?Can you fix the phone? Don’t worry — no sooner said than done. Cf. sooner or later — eventually; in the end e.g. You’ll be sorry for your decision sooner or later.You’ll be sorry for your decision sooner or later. More to learn More to learn

36. walk out on —1)stop doing sth. one has agreed to do or that one is responsible for 2)leave suddenly, esp. in a time of trouble; desert e.g. His wife walked out on him, and was later seen with another man.His wife walked out on him, and was later seen with another man. Translate 你不能不实施合同, 否则就上法庭。 Key You can’t walk out on the contract, or you could be taken to court.

37. Text-related information Parking Meter A parking meter is a coin-operated device along the street curbs which registers the purchase of parking time for a motor vehicle parked next to it. If the time on the meter is expired, a Notice of Parking Violation (ticket) will be issued by traffic officers who check the meters from time to time along the street.

38. cover v. —(of money) be enough for e.g. A hundred yuan used to cover the monthly expenses of a university student.A hundred yuan used to cover the monthly expenses of a university student. The selling price barely covered the cost of the raw materials.The selling price barely covered the cost of the raw materials. Translate The fee for the flight ticket covers the lunch and drink aboard. Key机票（款）包含了机上的午餐和饮料。

39. pay one’s way — pay for what one wants without having to depend on anyone else e.g. He paid his way by acting as a programmer for a big computer company during the summer vacation.He paid his way by acting as a programmer for a big computer company during the summer vacation. During the recession, he managed to pay his way by doing odd jobsDuring the recession, he managed to pay his way by doing odd jobs

40. violate v. —break or be contrary to (a rule, principle, treaty, etc.) e.g. You've violated the terms of your contract.You've violated the terms of your contract. The arrest and detention of the protestors violated their civil liberties.The arrest and detention of the protestors violated their civil liberties. Translate所有对自然规律的违背都将以毁灭而告终。 Key All the violation to the Natural Laws will result in destroying.

41. tentativea. — hesitant; unsure e.g. He gave a tentative smile.He gave a tentative smile. Our plans are still tentative.Our plans are still tentative. A suggestion or action that is tentative is something said or done in a careful but uncertain way because one is not sure if he is right or not.

42. more often than not — quite frequently Translate into Chinese: And it bothered them — which in itself is a hopeful sign that, more often than not, all is well. 是这些东西困扰着他们 — 其实这本身是个好兆头，它常常表 明情况还不坏。

43. Exercises ComprehensionComprehensionComprehension VocabularyVocabularyVocabulary ListeningListeningListening

44. . A.Answer the following questions: 1.How did the other people in the restaurant react when the man started screaming? Key: They were stunned; all the other conversation in the room stopped, and everyone looked at the man. Comprehension Ex. II, p. 225 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. II, p. 225

45. 2.Why did the fifteen seconds seem “like an hour”? Key: Because the man's behavior made everyone very uncomfortable. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

46. 3.What explanation does the author find for the fact that people almost never start screaming in restaurants? Key: He sees it as an “unwritten rule” of human behavior. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

47. 4.How important, according to the writer, are the customs that govern us? Key: He considers them more important than formal laws. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

48. 5.What does he mean by “our disintegrating society”? Key: He must be referring to the many difficult and confusing problems of modern society: stress, crime, war, etc. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

49. 6.Why does he say “it's not at all clear” why we obey the unwritten rules of human conduct? Key: Because we usually obey them even when there's no one around, when it would be easy and safe to break them, and when it would be to our advantage to break them. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

50. 7.The author presents four other illustrations to support his general observation. What are they? Key: Drivers stopping at a red light late at night; spectators staying in their seats at sports events; people paying their bills in restaurants and coffee shops; and a man who puts money in the parking meter even if there's no need to. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

51. 8.In each of the four illustrations, what motivation is there for people to break the unwritten rules? Key: The drivers would get where they're going faster (and save a little gas); the spectators would experience the joy of expressing their emotions; people in restaurants and the man with the parking meter would save money. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

52. 9.According to the author, what created the “tentative atmosphere” in the restaurant following the man’s explosion? Key: He says it was because of the fact that the man's behavior had violated something very basic about the way people are supposed to behave. Comprehension. A.Answer the following questions:

53. 10.What does the last sentence of the text mean?. A.Answer the following questions: Key: It means that in the author's view, the fact that people are bothered when the “unwritten rules” are broken is a positive force that helps keep society decent and civilized. Comprehension

54. You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow. B.You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow. Comprehension 1.[T]here are no laws against such explosions … Question: Is it in fact that there are no laws against screaming in public places?

55. Comprehension 2.[I]t’s not at all clear why — even in our disintegrating society — we obey [the unwritten rules]. Questions: Is it true that our society is disintegrating? Is it unclear why people obey “the unwritten rules”? Is it in fact true that most people obey them? If most people obey them, then why our society is disintegrating? You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow. B.You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow.

56. Comprehension 3.Regardless of the emotion of the contest, the spectators stay in their places and the athletes are safe in their part of arena. Questions: Is it true that there are never fights or riots at sports events? Are “unwritten rules” the only thing that would prevent an excited spectator from becoming violent? Are there in fact no laws against violence at sports events, and no one to stop or arrest anyone who becomes violent? You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow. B.You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow.

57. Comprehension 4.It’s just another unwritten rule of human conduct that people automatically make good on their debts. Questions: Is it in fact true that people automatically make good on their debts? Are there no laws against leaving a restaurant without paying? You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow. B.You may agree with the author’s aims and conclusions in Text A, but he uses some false assumptions to make his point. What questions do the following statements raise? One question is suggested for the first statement as an example for you to follow.

58. VocabularyVocabulary Word Building  Ex. III Ex. III Ex. III  Ex. IV Ex. IV Ex. IV  Ex. V Ex. V Ex. V  Ex. VI Ex. VI Ex. VI  Ex. VII Ex. VII Ex. VII

59. III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. 1.We’re enjoying our holiday so much that we’ve decided to _____ it for three more weeks.  extend 2. No, I don’t want a flat next to a construction site. It’s _____ because of all the noise at my old flat that I’m looking for a new one.  precisely Vocabulary security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely Ex. III, p. 226 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. III, p. 226

60. 3.A woman who _____ the accident said that both cars were going at high speed when they crashed.  witnessed 4.It’s certain to end in war if either side _____ the treaty again.  violates Vocabulary III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary. security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely

61. 5.Mrs. Williams _____ with terror when she saw that the man had a gun.  screamed 6.The financial situation might get better, but it doesn’t look very _____ right now.  hopeful Vocabulary security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

62. 7.We have _____ confidence in our newly elected leaders.  absolute 8.For the _____ of the passengers, all hand baggage is carefully checked.  security Vocabulary security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

63. 9.Tom was _____ last night for driving under the influence of alcohol.  arrested 10.The _____ cheered wildly when the team scored a goal in the final seconds of the match.  spectators Vocabulary security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

64. 11.When visiting a foreign country, we must respect the country’s _____.  customs 12.People did not see the bomb dropping but they could hear the _____ several miles away.  explosion Vocabulary security witness explosionhopefularrest absoluteextendscream customspectatorviolateprecisely III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.

65. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well. 1.An uneasy atmosphere was felt in the classroom as the teacher returned our tests. (hang) Ex. IV, p. 227 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. IV, p. 227 Vocabulary An uneasy atmosphere was hanging over the classroom as the teacher returned our tests.

66. 2.Very few of the laws that govern us are actually written down. (live) Vocabulary Very few of the laws that we live by are actually written down. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

67. 3.The boss lost his his temper and was screaming at us very loudly. (lungs) Vocabulary The boss lost his temper and was screaming at us at the top of his lungs. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

68. 4.Tim always keeps a certain amount of money available in case of an emergency. (hand) Vocabulary Tim always keeps a certain amount of money on hand in case of an emergency. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

69. 5.It isn’t for the purpose of entertainment that I’m watching TV; it’s my homework. (sake) Vocabulary It isn’t for the sake of entertainment [or:for entertainment’s sake] that I’m watching TV; it’s my homework. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

70. 6.Our company is doing very well; actually, we’ve doubled our sales. (matter) Vocabulary Our company is doing very well; as a matter of fact, we’ve doubled our sales. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

71. 7. When a man gets ahead in life, he usually owes his success to a woman.(than not) Vocabulary When a man gets ahead in life, more often than not he owes his success to a woman. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

72. 8.Most people consider being rude to a teacher as unacceptable as kicking a dog. (no sooner) Vocabulary Most people would no sooner be rude to a teacher than kick a dog. IV.Rewrite the sentences below so that they use the words or phrases given in parentheses. Be sure to make any other necessary changes as well.

73. V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. 1.author rules laws considers more than The absolute unwritten Ex. V, p. 227 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. V, p. 227 Vocabulary The author considers unwritten rules more absolute than law.

74. 2.customs society We obey when even disintegrating is Vocabulary V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. We obey customs even when society is disintegrating.

75. 3.people lights sake safety’s It stop for at that isn’t red Vocabulary V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. It isn’t for safety’s sake that people stop at red lights.

76. 4.people debts He’s their make usually on that surprised good Vocabulary V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. He’s surprised that people usually make good on their debts.

77. 5.guards hand security athletes are ensure There the the on too to of few Vocabulary V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. There are too few guards on hand to ensure the security of the athletes.

78. 6.restaurant People bills walking be their out on for would arrested Vocabulary V.Rescue these sentences! This time our underachieving student has mixed up the word order in his notes about Text A. rearrange the words to make grammatical (and sensible) sentences. People would be arrested for walking out on their restaurant bills.

79. Exercises Word Building Ex. VI, p. 227 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VI, p. 227

80. Exercises Word Building Suffix -ty to mean: the state or quality of being [adjective] to be added to: adjectives and to mean: something which is [adjective] safe + -ty  safety a. n. Example:

81. Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the following adjectives. Exercises Word Building cruel  novel  entire  royal  subtle  loyal  special  certain  crueltynovelty entiretyroyalty subtletyloyalty specialty certainty

82. Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the following adjectives. Exercises Word Building 1.In such difficult economic circumstances, it’s a _____ that prices will go up again soon.  certainty  cruelty 2.In the 19th century there were more laws against _____ to animals than there were to protect children’s rights.

83. Exercises Word Building 3.The internet is popular mainly because of its _____. Within a few years, people will get bored with it.  novelty  loyalty 4.You can’t count on your employees’ devotion — workers often show more _____. Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the following adjectives.

84. Exercises Word Building 5.I recommend the duck at this restaurant — it’s one of their _____.  specialties  royalty 6.The 1990s were very difficult for British _____. When Charles and Diana divorced, many people felt that the monarchy ( 君主政体 ) was disintegrating. Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the following adjectives.

85. Exercises Word Building 7.I only meant to look at one article, but I ended up reading the magazine in its _____.  entirety  subtlety 8.Your poem is full of clichés and obvious ideas; it completely lacks _____. Complete the sentences below with –ty nouns formed from the following adjectives.

86. Exercises Word Building Ex. VII, p. 228 《读写教程 II 》 : Ex. VII, p. 228

87. Exercises Word Building Suffix -less to form: adjectives to be added to: nouns to mean: lacking [noun]

88. A.Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you form are syllabus words for you to learn.) Exercises Word Building Set 1 worth  doubt  hope  rest  worthlessdoubtless hopelessrestless

89. Exercises Word Building Suffix -ful to form: adjectives to be added to: nouns to mean: full of [noun]

90. Set 2 doubt  skill  A.Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you form are syllabus words for you to learn.) Exercises Word Building doubtfulskillful

91. Suffix -al to form: adjectives to be added to: nouns to mean: of/related to [noun]

92. Set 3 accident  experiment  operation  A.Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you form are syllabus words for you to learn.) Exercises Word Building accidentalexperimental operational

93. Suffix -ment to form: nouns to be added to: verbs to mean: the process or result of [verb]ing

94. Set 4 announce  arrange  engage  establish  involve  replace  ship  state  commit  Exercises Word Building announcementarrangement engagementestablishment involvementreplacement shipment statement commitment A.Look at the four sets of words below. One of the suffixes listed above can be added to each set. Decide which suffix goes with each set, then use the suffix to form new words. (The words you form are syllabus words for you to learn.)

95. B.Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Exercises Word Building 1.The new machines are not yet fully _____; they still need to be adjusted.  operational  replacement 2.When their first cultural translator retired, the company had a hard time finding a _____ for him.

96. B.Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Exercises Word Building 3.After three days on the boat, I was quite bored and _____ and eager for any sort of fun.  restless 4.Mother Teresa’s deep _____ to helping the poor was an inspiration to millions.  commitment

97. B.Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Exercises Word Building  accidental 5.The police were suspicious at first, but finally declared the young man’s death ______. 6.After their bitter quarrel, Brian’s further _____ in Edward’s project is highly ______.  involvement; doubtful

98. B.Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Exercises Word Building 7.The young couple are busy making all the _____ for their wedding.  arrangements  worthless 8.As anyone who collects stamps knows, even the most valuable stamps can become quite ____ if they aren’t handled properly.

99. B.Now use some of the words you’ve formed to fill the blanks in the following sentences. Exercises Word Building 9.Translating is like any other art: The more you practice it, the more _____ you become.  skillful

100. Y ou’re going to hear the following text-related conversation. The conversation printed in your textbook is not in the correct order. As you listen to the first time, number the speeches in the order in which you hear them. (The first two have been numbered for you as examples.) Exercises Listening Part 3.3, p. 113 《听说教程 II 》 : Part 3.3, p. 113 Answer Questions Answer Questions Answer Questions Answer Questions

101. Answer Questions 1.What does Susan think at first when she hears Marge? At first Susan thinks that Marge is sick or hurt. 2.Why does Marge want to “free her inner animal”? To relieve stress and experience her emotions in a new way. Exercises Listening

102. 3.What makes Marge think Susan needs to try this therapy? She thinks Susan is letting the rules of polite behavior take over her personality. 4.What are Susan’s reasons for not trying it? It’s too embarrassing and strange, and she doesn’t feel comfortable with it. Answer Questions Exercises Listening

103. 5.What’s Susan’s final request? She wants Marge to stop howling. Answer Questions Exercises Listening Script

104. Exercises Listening 1 Marge:Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu! 2 Susan:Marge, what’s wrong, what hurts, lie down, shall I call a doctor? 3 Marge:Oh! Hi, Susan, I didn’t notice you’d come home. 4 Susan:But what’s wrong? You were moaning! You’re in pain?! 5 Marge:No, I’m fine! I was practising a new form of therapy I learned about at the Women’s Health Club meeting last night. The idea is to free your inner animal. It relieves stress and helps you experience your emotions in a new way. It’s great, try it! Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu! 6 Susan:Stop it! 7 Marge:Oh come on, try it! You’ll like it. 8 Susan:I can’t! It’s embarrassing. It’s too strange. 9 Marge:So what? Just because it’s strange doesn’t mean there’s something wrong with it. You’re in your own home, no one’s watching, you don’t have to behave properly! 10 Susan:I know I don’t have to, I just don’t feel comfortable with it, okay? 11 Marge:And that’s precisely why you need this kind of therapy, Susan — you’re letting the rules of polite behavior take over your personality. 12 Susan:I don’t see anything wrong with the rules of polite behavior — if we didn’t have them, civilization would disintegrate! We’d all be acting like … like animals! 13 Marge:But human beings are animals. It’s unhealthy to behave artificially all the time. It creates too much stress, and look at all the problems stress causes: heart attacks, nervous breakdowns, wars, murders, suicides, divorces! All because of some silly “rules of polite behavior”. 14 Susan:I don’t care. I can’t make myself howl like an animal. 15 Marge:Okay, don’t then! It’s your business. Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu! 16 Susan:Marge … 17 Marge:Aaaaooooouuu! Aaaaooooouuu! 18 Susan:Marge! Will you please stop that?! I don’t feel comfortable with you doing it either.

105. Assignment 1.Ex. IX. p. 230; 2.Ex. X. p. 230; 3.Ex. XI. p. 231