1. Living In Africa South of the Sahara
Ch 22.1
Living In Africa South of the Sahara

2. Agriculture Colonial Legacy used as resource for raw materials
countries only grew one crop
cacao, coffee, rubber, oil,

4. Agriculture Farming Methods commercial farming – business
75% world’s palm oil
80% world’s peanuts
75% world’s cacao
66% world’s sisal – rope

5. Agriculture subsistence farming – farm to live
shifting farming – move to find better soil
sedentary farming – permanent settlement

6. Agriculture Problems lack technology to increase food production
lack money to improve farm machinery or buy fertilizer.

7. Forests and Seas Forest cover 25% of Africa
teak, ebony, walnut, rosewood
Lumber industry hurt by poor transportation and lack of capital
coastal countries with rainforests
export less than 10% of world’s supply

9. Forests and Seas Commercial fishing developed slowly – mainly SW
tuna, sardines, anchovies, mackerel

10. Mining South Africa has most minerals
Gold deposit 300 mi. long – Transvaal – 1/2 the worlds known gold reserve
Leading producer of gem diamonds, platinum, chromium, vanadium, manganese
One of richest nations in region – GDP $215 billion most goes to outside investors or owners.

12. Mining S. Africa continued Guinea – bauxite reserve
Gap in household income between Blacks and Whites – B = $3,614 W = 21,707
Guinea – bauxite reserve
Congo – diamonds, and copper
Nigeria – huge oil, OPEC member

14. Manufacturing Small part of economy
Many raw material but few processing centers
Late 1990’s only 15% of regions GDP from manufacturing – varies depending on country
Obstacles – lack of capital, political turmoil, lack of skilled workers or transportation.

15. Manufacturing Hydroelectricity remains untapped
leads to poverty
Regional trading association – Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

17. Transportation and Communication
Efforts to create not been successful
few paved roads
few phones
more radios
Train and airplane are most successful method

19. Railroad Kenya National Railroad – Nairobi to coastal cities
built by British
allowed hauling of raw material to port
other railroads followed

21. Improving transportation
Wars and lack of funds have caused a decline in highways and railways
regions size and unfavorable terrain made difficult to find new routes
few harbors and navigable rivers
government owned airlines have international and domestic service
Intl. airports – Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Nairobi, Kenya, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dakar, Senegal

22. OIL
pipelines in Tanzania, Zambia, Sudan, South Africa, and Nigeria

24. Railroads – Great Uhuru Railroad – Congo to Tanzania
overland routes stopped by war or lack of funds

25. D.R. Congo

26. Mass Communication lack of newsprint, low literacy rate
telephone service is limited
Chad 1-1,209, Kenya 1-111
most effective is radio Chad 1-4, Kenya 1-11
T.V. – rerun American shows, urban areas, educational tool.