1. Sustainability

2. Sustainability PA Standards PA Standards 4.6.12.A: Ecosystems and their Interactions4.6.12.A: Ecosystems and their Interactions 3.3.12.B: Biological Sciences3.3.12.B: Biological Sciences 3.4.12.B: Physical Science, Chemistry, and Physics3.4.12.B: Physical Science, Chemistry, and Physics “The first law of ecology is that everything is related to everything else.” - Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle: Nature, Man and Technology, 1971 Analyze the relationships among biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Analyze the relationships among biotic and abiotic components of an ecosystem. Analyze the chemical basis of living organisms. Analyze the chemical basis of living organisms. Apply and analyze energy sources and conversions. Apply and analyze energy sources and conversions.

3. Key Questions How can we shift to more sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources? How can we shift to more sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources? How can we improve energy efficiency and what are the advantages of doing so? How can we improve energy efficiency and what are the advantages of doing so?

4. How can we shift to more sustainable use of nonrenewable resources?

5. USING MINERAL RESOURCES MORE SUSTAINABLY What is sustainability? What is sustainability? Scientists and engineers are developing new types of materials as substitutes for many metals. Scientists and engineers are developing new types of materials as substitutes for many metals. Recycling valuable and scarce metals saves money and has a lower environmental impact then mining and extracting them from their ores. Recycling valuable and scarce metals saves money and has a lower environmental impact then mining and extracting them from their ores.

6. Solutions Sustainable Use of Nonrenewable Minerals Do not waste mineral resources. Recycle and reuse 60–80% of mineral resources. Include the harmful environmental costs of mining and processing minerals in the prices of items (full-cost pricing). Reduce subsidies for mining mineral resources. Increase subsidies for recycling, reuse, and finding less environmentally harmful substitutes. Redesign manufacturing processes to use less mineral resources and to produce less pollution and waste. Have the mineral-based wastes of one manufacturing process become the raw materials for other processes. Sell services instead of things. Slow population growth.

7. Case Study: The Ecoindustrial Revolution Growing signs point to an ecoindustrial revolution taking place over the next 50 years. Growing signs point to an ecoindustrial revolution taking place over the next 50 years. The goal is to redesign industrial manufacturing processes to mimic how nature deals with wastes. The goal is to redesign industrial manufacturing processes to mimic how nature deals with wastes. Industries can interact in complex resource exchange webs in which wastes from manufacturer become raw materials for another.Industries can interact in complex resource exchange webs in which wastes from manufacturer become raw materials for another.

8. Case Study: The Ecoindustrial Revolution “Industrial Ecosystem”

9. Case Study: The Ecoindustrial Revolution Results: Results: Reduce costs of managing solid wastes, controlling pollution, and complying with pollution regulations.Reduce costs of managing solid wastes, controlling pollution, and complying with pollution regulations. Reduce potential lawsuits due to chemical outputs.Reduce potential lawsuits due to chemical outputs. Improves health and safety of workers.Improves health and safety of workers. Reduces health-care insurance costs.Reduces health-care insurance costs. Stimulates development of new products.Stimulates development of new products. Improved image with consumers.Improved image with consumers.

10. Case Study: The Ecoindustrial Revolution Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M): Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing (3M): Makes 60,000 products in 100 manufacturing plants.Makes 60,000 products in 100 manufacturing plants. Pollution Prevention Pays (3P) program in 1975.Pollution Prevention Pays (3P) program in 1975. By 2005, reduced waste production and air pollution emissions.By 2005, reduced waste production and air pollution emissions. Saved almost $1 billion.Saved almost $1 billion. Since 1990: Since 1990: DuPont, BP, and IBM have adopted similar programs.DuPont, BP, and IBM have adopted similar programs. Cut costs by hundreds of millions of dollars.Cut costs by hundreds of millions of dollars.

11. Thought Problems Are you for or against bringing about an ecoindustrial revolution in the country and community where you live? Explain. Are you for or against bringing about an ecoindustrial revolution in the country and community where you live? Explain. Do you believe it will be possible to phase in such a revolution over the next two to three decades? Explain. Do you believe it will be possible to phase in such a revolution over the next two to three decades? Explain.

12. Activity Explain the quote: “Everything is connected to everything else.” Explain the quote: “Everything is connected to everything else.” Word Map Activity Word Map Activity

13. How can we improve energy efficiency and what are the advantages of doing so?

14. REDUCING ENERGY WASTE AND IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Flow of commercial energy through the U.S. economy. Flow of commercial energy through the U.S. economy. 84% of all commercial energy used in the U.S. is wasted 84% of all commercial energy used in the U.S. is wasted 41% wasted due to 2 nd law of thermodynamics. 41% wasted due to 2 nd law of thermodynamics.

15. REDUCING ENERGY WASTE AND IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY Four widely used devices waste large amounts of energy: Four widely used devices waste large amounts of energy: Incandescent light bulb: 95% is lost as heat.Incandescent light bulb: 95% is lost as heat. Internal combustion engine: 94% of the energy in its fuel is wasted.Internal combustion engine: 94% of the energy in its fuel is wasted. Nuclear power plant: 92% of energy is wasted through nuclear fuel and energy needed for waste management.Nuclear power plant: 92% of energy is wasted through nuclear fuel and energy needed for waste management. Coal-burning power plant: 66% of the energy released by burning coal is lost.Coal-burning power plant: 66% of the energy released by burning coal is lost.

16. Solutions Reducing Energy Waste Prolongs fossil fuel supplies Reduces oil imports Very high net energy Low cost Reduces pollution and environmental degradation Buys time to phase in renewable energy Less need for military protection of Middle East oil resources Creates local jobs

17. WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY Industry can save energy and money by producing both heat and electricity from one energy source and by using more energy-efficient electric motors and lighting. Industry can save energy and money by producing both heat and electricity from one energy source and by using more energy-efficient electric motors and lighting. Industry accounts for about 42% of U.S. energy consumption.Industry accounts for about 42% of U.S. energy consumption. We can save energy in transportation by increasing fuel efficiency and making vehicles from lighter and stronger materials. We can save energy in transportation by increasing fuel efficiency and making vehicles from lighter and stronger materials.

18. WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY Average fuel economy of new vehicles sold in the U.S. between 1975-2006. Average fuel economy of new vehicles sold in the U.S. between 1975-2006. The government Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) has not increased after 1985. The government Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) has not increased after 1985.

19. WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY Inflation adjusted price of gasoline (in 2006 dollars) in the U.S. Inflation adjusted price of gasoline (in 2006 dollars) in the U.S. Motor vehicles in the U.S. use 40% of the world’s gasoline. Motor vehicles in the U.S. use 40% of the world’s gasoline.

20. WAYS TO IMPROVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY We can save energy in building by getting heat from the sun, superinsulating them, and using plant covered green roofs. We can save energy in building by getting heat from the sun, superinsulating them, and using plant covered green roofs. We can save energy in existing buildings by insulating them, plugging leaks, and using energy-efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances, and lighting. We can save energy in existing buildings by insulating them, plugging leaks, and using energy-efficient heating and cooling systems, appliances, and lighting.

21. Why Are We Still Wasting So Much Energy? Low-priced fossil fuels and few government tax breaks or other financial incentives for saving energy promote energy waste. Low-priced fossil fuels and few government tax breaks or other financial incentives for saving energy promote energy waste.

22. Class Discussion Should the United States (or the country where you live) greatly increase its emphasis on improving energy efficiency? Should the United States (or the country where you live) greatly increase its emphasis on improving energy efficiency? a. No. The free market already encourages investments in energy efficiency.a. No. The free market already encourages investments in energy efficiency. b. Yes. Without government participation, there is little incentive to improve energy efficiency until a crisis occurs.b. Yes. Without government participation, there is little incentive to improve energy efficiency until a crisis occurs.

23. Manufacturing Process What steps are necessary to manufacture goods? What steps are necessary to manufacture goods? Design ProcessDesign Process Product Conceptualization Product Conceptualization Design Design MaterialsMaterials Raw Material Selection Raw Material Selection Extraction Extraction Processing Processing ManufacturingManufacturing Manufacture Manufacture Assembly Assembly TransportationTransportation Transportation of Raw Materials/Products Transportation of Raw Materials/Products UsageUsage Industrial and Household Usage Industrial and Household Usage ReintroductionReintroduction Reintroduction of the product into industrial systems Reintroduction of the product into industrial systems Reintroduction into the environment when it no longer serves a useful function. Reintroduction into the environment when it no longer serves a useful function.

24. Project Sustainability/Environment Evaluation Sustainability/Environment Evaluation What efforts can be made to make Greensburg Salem High School become more sustainable/environmentally friendly?What efforts can be made to make Greensburg Salem High School become more sustainable/environmentally friendly?

25. Review Key Questions How can we shift to more sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources? How can we shift to more sustainable use of nonrenewable mineral resources? How can we improve energy efficiency and what are the advantages of doing so? How can we improve energy efficiency and what are the advantages of doing so?