1. MID 18 TH CENTURY THE AGE OF REASON

2. I. CHARACTERISTICS A. Sometimes called American Enlightenment B. Historically includes the late colonial and revolutionary periods.

3. II. A Reaction to Puritanism Puritans  Advocated a Theocracy  Minister is political leader  Society focused on religious good Age of Reason  Advocated for Democracy  Landowner is political leader  Society focused on common good Libraries Post Offices Fire Departments Sanitation Hospitals

4. II. A Reaction to Puritanism Puritans (cont.)  Religion based on faith and revelation John Calvin  Morality determined by scripture  Church and state belong together – theocracy  God’s existence cannot be questioned  Believed man was inherently corrupt Age of Reason (cont.)  Religion based on rationalism and reason John Locke  Morality can be determined like math  Separation of church and state  God’s existence can be proven by logic (clockmaker analogy)  Believed man could improve

5. II. A Reaction to Puritanism Puritans (cont.)  Knowledge is a gift given to help us understand God better  Literary Works  Sermon  Historical Narratives Age of Reason (cont.)  Knowledge is a gift to help understand the natural world better  Literary Works  Pamphlets  Speeches

6. III. Similarities to Puritanism A. Emphasis on Hard Work B. Desire for Independence C. Literature is primarily non-fiction

7. IV: Main Ideas A. The Founding Fathers dared to pursue a dream unlike anything the world had ever seen before. B. Their use of reason and logic led to a period of religious skepticism. C. The Puritan era ended when man began questioning it without fear of God. D. Foundation of our nation viewed as like a “science experiment” using politics.

8. 4 Questions on Age of Reason 1 ). Find a quotation in The Declaration of Independence that best defines the American Dream. Write it down. Then, explain that quotation. 2). Find a quote from Thomas Paine’s “Age of Reason” that best explains his religious beliefs. Write it down. Then explain it. 3). Why is Benjamin Franklin the epitome of his era? Be specific. 4). Find a quotation from either Patrick Henry or Thomas Paine that would be particularly offensive to black Americans. Write it down. Then explain it.

9. Puritan or Age of Reason? Screw the truth into men's minds  Richard Baxter: Puritan Question with boldness even the existence of a god; because if there be one he must approve of the homage of reason more than that of blindfolded fear.  Thomas Jefferson: Age of Reason Many a man's knowledge is a torch to light him to hell. Thou who hast knowledge of God's will, but doth not do it, wherein dost thou excel the devil, 'who transforms himself into an angel of light.’  Thomas Watson: Puritan Any fool can criticize, condemn and complain and most fools do.  Ben Franklin: Age of Reason If we would talk less and pray more about them, things would be be better than they are in the world; at least, we should be better enabled to bear them.  John Owen: Puritan

10. Further Practice: How would Paine and a Puritan respond to these questions?

11. What Is the American Dream?

12. What is the purpose of literature?

13. All of my crops have died! Why?

14. Is there a God? How do you know?

15. Oh my gosh! The earth is shaking! Why?

16. The Big Questions How is our society still influenced by the Age of Reason today? What signs of it remain? How are the values of the Age of Reason seen in their writing? What about this era is appealing to us in the 21 st century as opposed to Puritanism?