1. 120 MW geothermal power plant, Iceland
RETScreen®
120 MW geothermal power plant, Iceland
Power Projects
Nesjavellir, Iceland, 120 MW power, 1800 l of hot water per second, serving Reykjavik Area’s hot water needs
Photo credit: Gretar Ívarsson, Nesjavellir

2. Overview of Power Projects
Isolated grid (community)
Central grid (continent)
Photo credit: Northwest Territories Power Corp
Off-grid (single home)
Taltson River, 18 MW plus three 1 MW, Fort Smith, Fort Resolution, and Hay River/Enterprise
Photo credit: RER Renewable Energy Research
Photo credit: RER Renewable Energy Research

3. On-grid PV, Bavaria, Germany
Technologies
Renewable Technologies
Wind turbines
Hydroelectric
Geothermal power
Solar photovoltaics
Solar thermal power
Ocean current power
Tidal power
Wave power
On-grid PV, Bavaria, Germany
Photo credit: RER Renewable Energy Research

4. Technologies (continued)
Conventional Combustion Technologies
Steam turbine
Gas turbine
Gas turbine - Combined cycle
Reciprocating engine
Other technologies
Fuel cells
Microturbines

5. Power System Operation
Gas turbine example
Fuel input
Combustion
Turbine
Generator
Waste heat stream
Definitions
Heat rate: the amount of energy input (in kJ or Btu) from the fuel required to produce 1 kWh of electricity
Heat recovery efficiency: the fraction of the remaining energy input from fuel that can be used as heat

6. Types of Fuels Combustible Fuels
Fossil fuels: coal, diesel, natural gas, propane, oil, etc.
Biomass: bio-diesel, ethanol, bagasse, wood, bark, coconut fibre, straw, hemp, peat, willow, switch grass, etc.
Waste: tires, landfill gas, food waste, forest residue, coffee refuse, Christmas trees, poultry litter, packaging waste, etc.
Hydrogen
Renewable Energy “Fuels”
Sunshine, wind, waves, tides, geothermal, water, etc.

7. Power Projects with RETScreen
Steps:
Base case load and power system characteristics (for off-grid systems and internal loads)
Proposed case power system characteristics (energy + costs)
Operating strategy
Summary (energy)
Emission analysis
Financial analysis (including sensitivity and risk analysis)

8. Types of Analyses Project Types: Power
Choose technology (steam turbine, geothermal, photovoltaic, wind, etc.)
Power-Multiple Technologies
Other project types:
Heating & Power
Cooling & Power
Heating, Cooling & Power
Project types unrelated to power

9. Grid Type
For small power system technolgies

10. Operating Strategy Full power capacity Power load following
Heating load following

11. Emission & Financial Analysis
Method 1
Method 2

12. Project Example 1: Grid Projects
Landfill gas fuelled power
plant using a lean-burn engine
Bergen, Norway
1.3 MW
US$ 0.03/kWh
37% efficiency
1.3 MW Lean-Burn Engine
Power plant in Bergen, Norway
Start with Central grid Reciprocating Engine
See project database template: Reciprocating Engine
mention technologies that are treated similarly
Show how it would be used in Isolated Grid
Return to Central grid and convert to Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
Show how one can change fuel (landfill gas) and even explore CHP
Photo of Norwegian Landfill gas power plant at Bergen. 1.3 MW spark ignition lean burn reciprocating engine. Plant’s electrical efficiency is 37%.
Waste heat is also used at a nearby agricultural college.
Photo credit: CADDET Centre for Renewable Energy
Photo credit: CADDET Centre for Renewable Energy

13. Project Example 2: Off-grid
3.6 kW Photovoltaic Power System
6 households
Syrian Arab Republic
Peak load 2.4 kW
Average daily load 8.4 kWh
Installed cost of PV: US$ 6,500 per kWp for array plus US$ 17,000 for other equipment and installation
Competing genset: US$ 1,000 but consumes 13,400 L of diesel per year
Village PV System, Syria
Photo credit: Binu Parthan, IT Power India Ltd.

14. Questions?