1. International Health Policy Program -Thailand BY SOPIT NASUEB SPATIAL ANAYSIS (TECHNIQUES)

2. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Guideline What is spatial analysis? Spatial analysis techniques Example research about spatial analysis. 2

3. International Health Policy Program -Thailand What is spatial analysis? [1], [2] Spatial analysis is – the quantitative study of phenomena that are located in space. – Which seeks to explain patterns of human behavior and its spatial expression in terms of mathematics and geometry; that is locational analysis. – Many of the models are grounded in micro- economics and predict the spatial patterns which should occur. – There is growing significance of space, spatiality, location, and place in social science and physical science research. 3

4. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Spatial analysis techniques [3] Spatial analysis starts with early mapping, surveying and geography later part of the twentieth century. Modern spatial analysis focuses on computer based techniques, the power of modern statistical and geographic information science (GIS). Spatial analytic techniques have been developed in several filed such as geography, biology, epidemiology, sociology etc. 4

5. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Spatial analysis techniques The most fundamental of these is the problem of defining the spatial location of the entities being studied, ex : a study on human health. Spatial analysis include the limitations of mathematical knowledge, the assumptions required by existing statistical techniques, and problems in computer based calculations. Classification of the techniques of spatial analysis is difficult. 5

6. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Example research about spatial analysis. Aims : relationship between alcohol outlet densities and assault rates in local areas. Spatial technique : – 223 postcodes of Greater Melbourne as the unit of analysis. – Assault rates and outlet densities : 1 postcode : population per 1000 residents. Finding : The model positing non-linear relationships between outlet density and assaults was found to fit the data most effectively. 6 Alcohol outlet density and assault: a spatial analysis [4]

7. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Example research about spatial analysis. 7 Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: crime potentials and geospatial analysis [5]

8. International Health Policy Program -Thailand 8 Aims : relationships between alcohol outlets and violence are generally conducted with statistical controls for correlates related to characteristics of people and the places in which they live. Spatial technique : 1637 zip code areas in California. Assault rates were related to measures of population and place characteristics using spatial statistical models corrected for spatial auto correlated error. Finding : Population and place characteristics are associated with rates of violence across spatial areas. Alcohol outlets directly affect and moderate potentials for violence associated with socio-demographic groups. Example research about spatial analysis

9. International Health Policy Program -Thailand 9 The Spatial Context of Adolescent Alcohol Use* Assessing the Role of Neighborhood Alcohol Availability and Disadvantage [6] Aims : examine the relationship between neighborhood alcohol availability, disadvantage, and crime on alcohol use while controlling for individual, family, and peer characteristics. Spatial technique : regional sample of adolescents. geocoding individuals. matching the data to census tracts. geographic methods. Finding : neighborhood spatial analysis and contextual effects and adolescent behaviors. Example research about spatial analysis.

10. International Health Policy Program -Thailand Reference [1] Available from: URL : http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~brian/lasa.html [cite 2010 Feb 16]http://www.geog.ubc.ca/~brian/lasa.html [2] Available from: URL : http://www.answers.com/topic/spatial-analysis- 1 [cite 2010 Feb 16]http://www.answers.com/topic/spatial-analysis- 1 [3] Available from: URL : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_analysis#Spatial_characterization [cite 2010 Feb 16] [4] Livingston M. Alcohol outlet density and assault: a spatial analysis. Addiction. 2008 Apr;103(4):619-28.Livingston M [5] Gruenewald PJ, Freisthler B, Remer L, Lascala EA, Treno A. Ecological models of alcohol outlets and violent assaults: crime potentials and geospatial analysis. Addiction. 2006 May;101(5):666-77.Gruenewald PJFreisthler BRemer LLascala EATreno A [6] Karen A. Snedker and Jerald R. Herting. The Spatial Context of Adolescent Alcohol Use--Assessing the Role of Neighborhood Alcohol Availability and Disadvantage. Geography and Drug Addiction. Springer Netherlands, 2008. Available from: URL : http://www.springerlink.com/content/v4n56j33666707/ [cite 2010 Feb 16]Geography and Drug Addiction http://www.springerlink.com/content/v4n56j33666707/ 10

11. International Health Policy Program -Thailand …Thank you… 11